अगर आप पंडित रविशंकर शुक्ल विद्यालय का बी.एस.सी. प्रथम वर्ष का सिलेबस जानना चाहते हैं या इसका सिलेबस ढूंढ रहे हैं तो आप बिल्कुल सही पोस्ट में आये हैं।
इस पोस्ट में हम आपको पंडित रविशंकर शुक्ल यूनिवर्सिटी (prsu), का bsc 1st year के सिलेबस दे रहे है। B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU सिलेबस 2023 के सभी विषय (हिंदी, अंग्रेजी, गणित, बायोलॉजी, रसायन, हिस्ट्री, जियोग्राफी, इकोनॉमिक्स, सोशियोलॉजी, पॉलिटिक्स, माइक्रोबायोलॉजी etc.) के सिलेबस को लिखित और उसका pdf मिलेगा।
In this post, we are giving you the syllabus of Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla University (prsu) bsc 1st year. B.Sc. All subjects (Hindi, English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, History, Geography, Economics, Sociology, Politics, Microbiology etc.) of 1st Year PRSU Syllabus 2023 will get the written syllabus and its pdf.
बी.एस.सी. - प्रथम वर्ष सिलेबस (B.Sc. 1st Year Syllabus - PRSU)
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Hindi
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - हिंदी
क. पल्लवन, पत्राचारअनुवाद, पारिभाषिक शब्दावली एवं हिंदी में पदनाम
ख. ईदगाह (कहानी) मुंशी प्रेमचंद
क. शब्द शुद्धि वाक्य शुद्धि शब्द ज्ञान-पर्यायवाची शब्द विलोम शब्द, अनेकार्थी शब्दसमश्रुत शब्दअनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द एवं मुहावरे लोकोक्तियाँ
ख. भारत वंदना (कविता)- सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी निराला
क. देवनागरी लिपि नामकरण, स्वरूप एवं देवनागरी लिपि की विशेषताएँ हिंदी अपठित गद्यांश संक्षेपण हिंदी में संक्षिप्तीकरण
ख. भोलाराम का जीव (व्यंग्य) हरिशंकर परसाई
क. कम्प्यूटर का परिचय एवं कम्प्यूटर में हिंदी का अनुप्रयोग
ख. शिकागो से स्वामी विवेकानंद का पत्र
क. मानक हिन्दी भाषा का अर्थ, स्वरूप विशेषताएँ मानक, उपमानक, अमानक भाषा
ख. सामाजिक गतिशीलता प्राचीन काल मध्यकालआधुनिक काल
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :English Language
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - अंग्रेजी
- UNIT-1 Basic Language skills :
Grammar and Usage. Grammarand Vocabulary based on the prescribed text. To be assessed by objective / multiple Choice tests.
- UNIT-2 Comprehension of an unseen passage.
This should imply not only is an understanding of the passage in question, but also b) a grasp of general language skills and issues with reference to words and usage within the passage and (c) the Power of short independent, composition based on themes and is raised in the passage.
To be assessed by both objective multiple choice and short answer type tests.
Composition : Paragraph writing
Letter writing (the formal and one Informal) 2 letters to be attempted of 5 marts each. One formal and one informal.
short prose pieces (Fiction and not fiction short poene, the pieces should cover a range of authors, atjects and contexts. With postry if may sometimes be advisable to include peces from earlier periods, which are often stapler than modem samples. In all cases, the language should be accessible (with a minimum of explanation and reference to standard dictionaries) to the general body of students shooled in the medium of an Indian language.
Students should be able to greep the case of each place; aplain specific words, phrases and allusions, and comment on general points of narrative or argument. Formal Principles of Laterary criticis should not be taken up at this stage.
To be used by five short answer of three marks
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Environmental Studies and Human Rights
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Environmental Studies and Human Rights
- UNIT-I THE MULTI DISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Definition, Scope and Importance
Natural Resources :
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
(a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people and relevant forest Act.
(b) Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods drought, conflicts over water, dams benefits and problems and relevant Act.
(c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources.
(d) food resources : World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity.
(e) Energy resources : Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources.
(f) Land resources : Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides soil erosion and desertification.
(a) Concept, Structure and Function of and ecosystem
-Producers, consumers and decomposers.
-Energy flow in the ecosystem
-Ecological succession
-Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.
-Introduction, Types, Characteristics Features, Structure and Function of Forest, Grass, Desert and Aquatic Ecosystem.
(b) Biodiversity and its Conservation
-Introduction - Definition : genetic. species and ecosystem diversity
-Bio-geographical classification of India.
-Value of biodiversity : Consumptive use. productive use, social ethics, aesthetic and option values.
-Biodiversity at global, National and local levels.
-India as mega-diversity nation.
-Hot spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity : habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wild life conflict.
-Endangered and endemic species of India.
-Conservation of biodiversity : In situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
(a) Causes, effect and control measures of
Air water, soil, marine, noise, nuclear pollution and Human population.
Solid waste management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Disaster Management : floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
(b) Environmental Management
From Unsustainable to sustainable development.
Urban problems related to energy.
Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of people, its problems and concerns.
Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions.
Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust.
Wasteland reclamation
Environment protection Act : Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation.
Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health.
General background and historical perspective- Historical development and concept of Human Rights, Meaning and definition of Human Rights, Kind and Classification of Human Rights.
Protection of Human Rights under the UNO Charter, protection of Human Rights under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against women.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER I-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Chemistry
Paper : Paper I INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
A. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Bohr's theory, its limitation and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom. General idea of de-Broglie matter-waves, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Schrödinger wave equation, significance of Y and 42, radial & angular wave functions and probability distribution curves, quantum numbers, Atomic orbital and shapes of s, p, d orbitals, Aufbau and Pauli exclusion principles, Hund's Multiplicity rule, electronic configuration of the elements.
B. PERIODIC PROPERTIES
Detailed discussion of the following periodic properties of the elements, with reference to s and p-block. Trends in periodic table and applications in predicting and explaining the chemical behavior.
a) Atomic and ionic radii,
b) lonization enthalpy.
c) Electron gain enthalpy,
d) Electronegativity, Pauling's, Mulliken's, Allred Rochow's scales.
e) Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, variation of effective nuclear charge in periodic table.
- UNIT-II CHEMICAL BONDING I
Ionic bond : lonic Solids Ionic structures, radius ratio & co-ordination number, limitation of radius ratio rule, lattice defects, semiconductors, lattice energy Born- Haber cycle, Solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, polarising power & polarisabilitry of ions, Fajans rule, Ionic character in covalent compounds : Bond moment and dipole moment, Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegatiity difference, Metallic bond-free electron, Valence bond & band theories.
- UNIT-III CHEMICAL BONDING II
Covalent bond : Lewis structure, Valence bond theory and its limitations, Concept of hybridization. Energetics of hybridization, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes of the following simple molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs of electrons : H₂O, NH₂, PCI,, PCI,, SF. H₂O¹, SF4, CIF, and ICl₂ Molecular orbital theory. Bond order and bond strength, Molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic molecules N₂, O₂, F2, CO, NO.
A. s-BLOCK ELEMENTS
General concepts on group relationships and gradation properties, Comparative study, salient features of hydrides, solvation & complexation tendencies including their function in biosystems and introduction to alkyl & aryls, Derivatives of alkali and alkaline earth metals
B. p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
General concepts on group relationships and gradation properties. Halides, hydrides, oxides and oxyacids of Boron, Aluminum, Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Boranes, borazines, fullerenes, graphene and silicates, interhalogens and pseudohalogens.
A CHEMISTRY OF NOBLE GASES
Chemical properties of the noble gases, chemistry of xenon, structure, bonding in xenon compounds
B. THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES IN QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (H₂S SCHEME)
Basic principles involved in the analysis of cations and anions and solubility products, common ion effect. Principles involved in separation of cations into groups and choice of group reagents. Interfering anions (fluoride, borate, oxalate and phosphate) and need to remove them after Group II.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER II-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - CHEMISTRY
Paper : Paper II ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- UNIT-I BASICS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Hybridization, Shapes of molecules, Influence of hybridization on bond properties. Electronic Displacements : Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications; Dipole moment. Electrophiles and Nucleophiles; Nucleophilicity and basicity : Homolytic and Heterolytic cleavage, Generation, shape and relative stability of Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes. Introduction to types of organic reactions : Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions.
- UNIT-II INTRODUCTION TO STEREOCHEMISTRY
Optical Isomerism : Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres, Diastereoisomers, meso compounds, Relative and absolute configuration : Fischer, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions; Erythrose and threose, D/L, d/l system of nomenclature, Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system of nomenclature (C.I.P rules), R/S nomenclature. Geometrical isomerism : cis-trans, syn anti and E/Z notations.
- UNIT-III CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ALKANES
Conformational analysis of alkanes, ethane, butane, cyclohexane and sugars. Relative stability and Energy diagrams. Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory : Theory of strainless rings, Chair, Boat and Twist boat conformation of cyclohexane with energy diagrams; Relative stability of mono-substituted cycloalkanes and disubstituted cyclohexane.
- UNIT-IV CHEMISTRY OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
A. Carbon-Carbon sigma bonds
Chemistry of alkanes : Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reaction, Free radical reactivity and selectivity.
B. Carbon-Carbon Pi (a) bonds :
Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, Elcb reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations. Reactions of alkenes : Electrophilic additions and mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation). 1,2-and 1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes andDiels-Alder reaction; Allylic and benzylic bromination and mechanism, e.g. propene, 1-butene, toluene, ethyl benzene. Reactions of alkynes : Acidity, Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, Alkylation of terminal alkynes.
- UNIT-VAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Aromaticity : Hückel's rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/ carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Electrophilic aromatic substitution : halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft's alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directive effects of the groups.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER III-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - CHEMISTRY
Paper : Paper III PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
- UNIT-I MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS FOR CHEMIST
Basic Mathematical Concepts : Logarithmic relations, curve sketching, linear graphs, Properties of straight line, slope and intercept, Functions, Differentiation of functions, maxima and minima; integrals; ordinary differential equations; vectors and matrices; determinants; Permutation and combination and probability theory, Significant figures and their applications.
- UNIT-II GASEOUS STATE CHEMISTRY
Kinetic molecular model of a gas : postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision frequency : collision diameter; mean free path; Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most probable) and average kinetic energy. law of equipartition of energy, degrees of freedom and molecular basis of heat capacities. Joule Thompson effect, Liquification of Gases.
Behaviour of real gases : Deviations from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor (Z), and its variation with pressure and temperature for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal behaviour. van der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour, calculation of Boyle temperature. Isotherms of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms, continuity of states, critical state, relation between critical constants and van der Waals constants, law of corresponding states.
A. LIQUID STATE CHEMISTRY
Intermolecular forces, magnitude of intermolecular force, structure of liquids, Properties of liquids, viscosity and surface tension
B. COLLOIDS and SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Classification, Optical, Kinetic and Electrical Properties of colloids, Coagulation, Hardy Schulze law, flocculation value, Protection, Gold number, Emulsion, micelles and types, Gel, Syneresis and thixotrophy, Application of colloids.
Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich). Nature of adsorbed state. Qualitative discussion of BET.
- UNIT-IV SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices, Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law, a simple account of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method. Crystal defects.
A. CHEMICAL KINETICS
Rate of reaction, Factors influencing rate of reaction, rate law, rate constant, Order and molecularity of reactions, rate determining step, Zero, First and Second order reactions, Rate and Rate Law, methods of determining order of reaction, Chain reactions.
Temperature dependence of reaction rate, Arrhenius theory, Physical significance of Activation energy, collision theory, demerits of collision theory, non mathematical concept of transition state theory.
B. CATALYSIS
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis, types of catalyst, characteristic of catalyst, Enzyme catatysed reactions, Micellar catatysed reactions, Industrial applications of Catalysis.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER - IV LABOBATORY COURSE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - CHEMISTRY
Paper : Paper IV Labobatory Course Inorganic Chemistry
A. Semi-micro qualitative analysis (using H₂S or other methods) of mixtures - not more than four ionic species (two anions and two cations, excluding interfering, insoluble salts) out of the following : Cations : NH₂, Pb, Bi", Cu", Cd, Fe, Al", Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ba", Sr", Ca", Na Anions : CO₂, S², SO², 8₂0, NO₂, CH₂COO, CT, Br, I. NO, SO₂² (Spot tests may be carried out wherever feasible)
B. Acid-Base Titrations
• Standardization of sodium hydroxide by oxalic acid solution.
• Determination of strength of HCI solution using sodium hydroxide as intermediate.
• Estimation of carbonate and hydroxide present together in mixture. • Estimation of carbonate and bicarbonate present together in a mixture
• Estimation of free alkali present in different soaps/detergents
C. Redox Titrations
• Standardization of KMnO4 by oxalic acid solution.
• Estimation of Fe(II) using standardized KMnO, solution.
• Estimation of oxalic acid and sodium oxalate in a given mixture.
• Estimation of Fe(II) with K-Cr₂O, using internal (diphenylamine, anthranilic acid) and external indicator.
D. Iodo/Iodimetric Titrations
• Estimation of Cu(II) and K-Cr₂O, using sodium thiosulphate solution iodimetrically.
• Estimation of (a) arsenite and (b) antimony iodimetrically.
• Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powder iodometrically.
• Estimation of Copper and Iron in mixture by standard solution of K Cr₂O, using sodium thiosulphate solution as titrants.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. Demonstration of laboratory Glasswares and Equipments.
2. Calibration of the thermometer. 80-82° (Naphthalene), 113.5°-114° (Acetanilide), 132.5-133⁰ (Urea), 100" (Distilled Water).)
3. Purification of organic compounds by crystallization using different solvents.
• Phthalic acid from hot water (using fluted filter paper and stemless funnel).
•Acetanilide from boiling water
• Naphthalene from ethanol.
• Benzoic acid from water.
4. Determination of the melting points of organic compounds. Naphthalene 80-82", Benzoic acid 121.5°-122°, Urea 132.5°-133" Succinic acid 184.5⁰ 185°, Cinnamic acid 132.5°-133°, Salicylic acid 157.5°-158°, Acetanilide 113.5°-114", m-Dinitrobenzene 90°, p-Dichlorobenzene 52°, Aspirin 135º.
5. Effect of impurities on the melting point - mixed melting point of two unknown organic compounds. • Urea - Cinnamic acid mixture of various compositions (1 : 4, 1 : 1, 4 : 1).
6. Determination of boiling point of liquid compounds. (boiling point lower than and more than 100 °C by distillation and capillary method).
Ethanol 78", Cyclohexane 81.4", Toluene 110.6", Benzene 80°.
i. Distillation (Demonstration)
• Simple distillation of ethanol-water mixture using water condenser.
• Distillation of nitrobenzene and aniline using air condenser.
ii. Sublimation Camphor, Naphthalene, Phthalic acid and Succinic acid.
iii. Decolorisation and crystallization using charcoal.
• Decolorisation of brown sugar with animal charcoal using gravity filtrations crystallization and decolorisation of impure naphthalene (100 g of naphthalene mixed with 0.3 g of Congo red using 1 g of decolorizing carbon) from ethanol.
7. Qualitative Analysis
Detection of elements (N, S and halogens) and functional groups (Phenolic. Carboxylic, Carbonyl, Esters, Carbohydrates, Amines, Amides, Nitro and Anilide) in simple organic compounds.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1. Surface tension measurements.
• Determine the surface tension by (i) drop number (ii) drop weight method.
•Surface tension composition curve for a binary liquid mixture.
2. Viscosity measurement using Ostwald's viscometer.
• Determination of viscosity of aqueous solutions of (i) sugar (ii) ethanol at room temperature.
• Study of the variation of viscosity of sucrose solution with the concentration of . solute
• Viscosity Composition curve for a binary liquid mixture.
3. Chemical Kinetics
• To determine the specific rate of hydrolysis of methyl/ethyl acetate catalysed by hydrogen ions at room temperature.
• To study the effect of acid strength on the hydrolysis of an ester.
• To compare the strengths of HCI & H₂SO, by studying the kinetics of hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.
4. Colloids
• To prepare colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles (reduction method) and other metal nanoparticles using capping agents.
Note : Experiments may be added/ deleted subject to availability of time and facilities
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry Paper-V PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Chemistry
Paper : Paper-V PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
M.M. 50 marks
Three experiments are to be performed
1. Inorganic Mixture Analysis, four radicals two basic & two acid (excluding insoluble. Interfering & combination of acid radicals) OR Two Titrations (Acid-Bases, Redox and lodo/lodimetry) 12 marks
2. Detection of functional group in the given organic compound and determine its MPV/BPt. 8 marks
OR
Crystallization of any one compound as given in the prospectus along with the determination of mixed MPt.
OR
Decolorisation of brown sugar along with sublimation of camphor/ Naphthlene.
3. Any one physical experiment that can be completed in two hours including calculations. 14 marks
4.Viva 10 marks
5. Sessionals 06 marks
In case of Ex-Students two marks will be added to each of the experiments
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Physics Paper-I MECHANICS, OSCILLATIONS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Physics
Paper : Paper-I MECHANICS, OSCILLATIONS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical coordinate system, Inertial and non-inertial frames of reference, uniformly rotating frame, Coriolis force and its applications. Motion under a central force, Kepler's laws. Effect of Centrifugal and Coriolis forces due to earth's rotation, Center of mass (C.M.), Lab and C.M. frame of reference, motion of C.M. of system of particles subject to external forces, elastic, and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions, Scattering angle in the laboratory frame of reference, Conservation of linear and angular momentum, Conservation of energy.
Rigid body motion, rotational motion, moments of inertia and their products, principal moments & axes, introductory idea of Euler's equations. Potential well and Periodic Oscillations, case of harmonic small oscillations, differential equation and its solution, kinetic and potential energy, examples of simple harmonic oscillations : spring and mass system, simple and compound pendulum, torsional pendulum.
Bifilar oscillations, Helmholtz resonator, LC circuit, vibrations of a magnet, oscillations of two masses connected by a spring. Superposition of two simple harmonic motions of the same frequency, Lissajous figures, damped harmonic oscillator, case of different frequencies. Power dissipation, quality factor, examples, driven (forced) harmonic oscillator, transient and steady states, power absorption, resonance.
E as an accelerating field, electron gun, case of discharge tube, linear accelerator, E as deflecting field-CRO sensitivity, Transverse B field, 180° deflection, mass spectrograph, curvatures of tracks for energy determination, principle of a cyclotron. Mutually perpendicular E and B fields : velocity selector, its resolution. Parallel E and B fields, positive ray parabolas, discovery of isotopes, elements of mass spectrography, principle of magnetic focusing lens.
Elasticity : Strain and stress, elastic limit, Hooke's law, Modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio, Bulk modulus, relation connecting different elastic- constants, twisting couple of a cylinder (solid and hallow), Bending moment, Cantilever, Young modulus by bending of beam.
Viscosity : Poiseulle's equation of liquid flow through a narrow tube, equations of continuity. Euler's equation, Bernoulli's theorem, viscous fluids, streamline and turbulent flow. Poiseulle's law, Coefficient of viscosity, Stoke's law, Surface tension and molecular interpretation of surface tension, Surface energy, Angle of contact, wetting.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Physics Paper-II ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Physics
Paper : Paper-II ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
Repeated integrals of a function of more than one variable, definition of a double and triple integral. Gradient of a scalar field and its geometrical interpretation, divergence and curl of a vector field, and their geometrical interpretation, line, surface and volume integrals, flux of a vector field. Gauss's divergence theorem, Green's theorem and Stoke's theorem and their physical significance. Kirchoff's law, Ideal Constant-voltage and Constant-current Sources. Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Superposition theorem, Reciprocity theorem and Maximum Power Transfer theorem.
Coulomb's law in vacuum expressed in Vector forms, calculations of E for simple distributions of charges at rest, dipole and quadrupole fields. Work done on a charge in a electrostatic field expressed as a line integral, conservative nature of the electrostatic field.
Relation between Electric potential and Electric field, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field and its energy, flux of the electric field. Gauss's law and its application : E due to (1) an Infinite Line of Charge, (2) a Charged Cylindrical Conductor, (3) an Infinite Sheet of Charge and Two Parallel Charged Sheets, capacitors, electrostatic field energy, force per unit area of the surface of a conductor in an electric field, conducting sphere in a uniform electric field.
Dielectric constant, Polar and Non Polar dielectrics, Dielectrics and Gauss's Law, Dielectric Polarization, Electric Polarization vector P, Electric displacement vector D. Relation between three electric vectors, Dielectric susceptibility and permittivity, Polarizability and mechanism of Polarization, Lorentz local field, Clausius Mossotti equation, Debye equation,
Ferroelectric and Paraelectric dielectrics, Steady current, current density J, non-steady currents and continuity equation, rise and decay of current in LR, CR and LCR circuits, decay constants, AC circuits, complex numbers and their applications in solving AC circuit problems, complex impedance and reactance, series and parallel resonance, Q factor, power consumed by an a AC circuit, power factor.
Magnetization Current and magnetization vector M, three magnetic vectors and their relationship, Magnetic permeability and susceptibility, Diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances. B.H. Curve, cycle of magnetization and hysteresis, Hysteresis loss.
Biot-Savart's Law and its applications : B due to (1) a Straight Current Carrying Conductor and (2) Current Loop. Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and its Dipole Moment (Analogy with Electric Dipole). Ampere's Circuital law (Integral and Differential Forms).
Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, electromotive force, integral and differential forms of Faraday's law Mutual and self inductance, Transformers, energy in a static magnetic field. Maxwell's displacement current, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic field energy density. The wave equation satisfied by E and B, plane electromagnetic waves in vacuum, Poynting's vector.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Human science
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Physics
Paper : Paper III PRACTICALS
Minimum 16 (Eight from each group) Experiments out of the following or similar experiments of equal standard
GROUP-A
1. Study of laws of parallel and perpendicular axes for moment of inertia.
2. Moment of inertia of Fly wheel.
3. Moment of inertia of irregular bodies by inertia table.
4. Study of conservation of momentum in two dimensional oscillations.
5. Study of a compound pendulum.
6. Study of damping of a bar pendulum under various mechanics.
7.Study of oscillations under a bifilar suspension.
8. Study of modulus of rigidity by Maxwell's needle.
9. Determination of Y, k, n by Searl's apparatus.
10. To study the oscillation of a rubber band and hence to draw a potential energy curve from it.
11. Study of oscillation of a mass under different combinations of springs.
12. Study of torsion of wire (static and dynamic method).
13. Poisson's ratio of rubber tube.
14. Study of bending of a cantilever or a beam.
15. Study of flow of liquids through capillaries.
16. Determination of surface tension of a liquid.
17. Study of viscosity of a fluid by different methods.
GROUP-B
1. Use of a vibration magnetometer to study a field.
2. Study of magnetic field B due to a current.
3. Measurement of low resistance by Carey-Foster bridge.
4.Measurement of inductance using impedance at different frequencies.
5.Study of decay of currents in LR and RC circuits.
6.Response curve for LCR circuit and response frequency and quality factor.
7.Study of waveforms using cathode-ray oscilloscope.
8.Characteristics of a choke and Measurement of inductance.
9. Study of Lorentz force.
10. Study of discrete and continuous LC transmission line.
11. Elementary FORTRAN programs, Flowcharts and their interpretation.
12. To find the product of two matrices.
13. Numerical solution of equation of motion.
14. To find the roots of quadratic equation.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :MATHEMATICS PAPER - I ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - MATHEMATICS
Paper : PAPER - I ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY
Elementary operations on matrices, Inverse of a matrix. Linear independence of row and column matrices, Row rank, column rank and rank of a matrix. Equivalence of column and row ranks. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and the characteristic equations of a matrix. Cayley Hamilton theorem and its use in finding inverse of a matrix.
Application of matrices to a system of linear (both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous) equations. Theorems on consistency of a system of linear equations. Relation between the roots and coefficients of general polynomial equations in one variable. Transformation of equations. Descarte's rule of signs. Solutions of cubic equations (Cardons method), Biquadratic equation.
Mappings, Equivalence relations and partitions. Congruence modulo n. Definition of a group with examples and simple properties. Subgroups, generation of groups, cyclic groups, coset decomposition. Lagrange's theorem and its consequences. Fermat's and Euler's theorems. Normal subgroups. Quotient group. Permutation groups. Even and odd permutations. The alternating groups An. Cayley's theorem.
Homomorphism and Isomorphism of groups. The fundamental theorems of homomorphism. Introduction, properties and examples of rings, Subrings, Integral. domain and fields Characteristic of a ring and Field.
De-Moivre's theorem and its applications. Direct and inverse circular and hyperbolic functions. Logarithm of a complex quantity. Expansion of trigonometrical functions. Gregory's series. Summation of series.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Mathematics Paper - II Calculus Differential Calculus
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Mathematics
Paper : PAPER - II CALCULUS DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
definition of the limit of a function. Basic properties of limits. Continuous functions and classification of discontinuties. Differentiability. Successive differentiation. Leibnitz theorem. Maclaurin and Taylor series expansions.
Asymptotes. Curvature. Tests for concavity and convexity. Points of inflexion. Multiple points. Tracing of curves in cartesian and polar coordinates.
- UNIT-III INTEGRAL CALCULUS :
Integration of transcendental functions. Reduction formulae. Definite integrals. Quadrature. Rectification. Volumes and surfaces of solids of revolution.
- UNIT-IV ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :
Degree and order of a differential equation. Equations reducible to the linear form. Exact differential equations. First order higher degree equations solvable for x, y, p. Clairaut's form and singular solutions. Geometrical meaning of a differential equation. Orthogonal trajectories. Linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations.
Linear differential equations of second order. Transformation of the equation by changing the dependent variable/the independent variable. Method of variation of parameters. Ordinary simultaneous differential equations.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Mathematics Paper - III Vector Analysis and Geometry
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Mathematics
Paper : Paper - III Vector Analysis and Geometry
PAPER - III VECTOR ANALYSIS AND GEOMETRY
VECTOR ANALYSIS :
Scalar and vector product of three vectors. Product of four vectors. Reciprocal Vectors. Vector differentiation. Gradient, divergence and curl.
Vector integration. Theorems of Gauss, Green, Stokes and problems based on these.
General equation of second degree. Tracing of conies. System of conics. Confocal conics. Polar equation of a conic.
Sphere. Cone. Cylinder.
Central Conicoids. Paraboloids. Plane sections of conicoids. Generating lines. Confocal Conicoids. Reduction of second degree equations.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Computer Science Paper-1 Computer Fundamental
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Computer Science
Paper : Paper-1 Computer Fundamental
Classification and Organization of Computers History of computer, Generation of computer, Calculator vs. Computer, Digital and Analog computers and its evolution Major components of digital computers, Memory addressing capability of CPU. Word length and processing spood of compules, Microprocessors, Single chipMicrocomputer, Large and small compices, Users interface, Hardware, software and firmware, mului programming multi user system, Dumb smart and intelligent terminals, computer network and processing, LAN parallel processing.Flynn's classification of computers, Control flow and data flow computers
- UNIT-II Central Processing Unit
Parts of CPU- ALU Control Unit, Registers Architecture of Intel 8085 microprocessor, lastructions for Intel 8085 microprocessor, Instruction Word size, Various addressing mode Interrupts Soms special Control signals, fusiniction cycle, fetch and exccute operation, Timing Diagram, instruction flow and dain flow.
Memory Memory hierarchy, Primary and Secondary Memory, Cache memory, Virtual Memory Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD), Destructive and Nondestructive Readout, Program and data Memory, Memory Management Unit (MMU) PCMCIA Cards and Slots
I/0 devices Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Impact and Non-ImpactPrinters, Plotter, Scanner, other Input/output devices. Scan method of Display- Raster Sem, Vector Scan, Bit Mapped Sea, CRT Controller, I/O Pori Programmable and Non Programmable I/O ports, labuilt I/O ports Parallel and Serial poris, USB, IEEE 1394, AGP, Serial data transfer schcrae Microcontroller, Signal Processor, FO processor, Arithmetic Processor
- UNIT-V SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
Application and System Software : Introduction, Example, Difference cte, Introduction to Open Source Software such as Unix/Linux (Ubuntu), Libre office etc., Introduction to Machine Langunge, Assembly Language and High Level Language, Programming Techniques, Stack, Subroutine, Debugging of programs, Macro, Program Design, Software development, Flow Chart, Multi programming, Mukiuser, Mulistasking Protection. Operating syston and Utdiy programs Application packages.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Computer Science Paper II Programming in 'C' Language
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - मानवविज्ञान
Paper : Paper II Programming in 'C' Language
Fundamentals of C Programming : Overview of C : History of 'C', Structure of 'C' program. Keywords, Tokens, Data types, Constants, Literals and Variables, Operators and Expressions : Arithmetic operators. Relational operator, Logical operators, Expressions, Operator : operator precedence and associatively, Type G-sting, Console i formatting. Unformatted I/O functions : getch(), getchur, getch().get(), pute, putchar()
Control Constructs : If-else, conditional operators, switch and break, nested conditional branching statements, loops : do while, while, for, Nested loops, break and continue, goto and label, exit function. Functions : Definition, function components : Function arguments, return value, function call statement. function prototype, Types of function, Scope and lifetime of variable, Call by value and call by reference Function using arrays, function with command line argument. User defined function : maths and character functions, Recursive function.
Structure, Union and Eaum Array : Array declaration, One and Two dimensional numeric and character arrays, Multidimensional arrays. String : String declaration, initialization, string manipulation with/without using library function. Structure : Besics, declaring structure and structure varichie, typudie statement, array of structure, array within structure, Nested structure; passing structure to function, function returning structure. Union : basics, declaring union and union variable, Enum : declaring cnum and coum variable
Pointer : Definition of pointer. Pointer declaration, Using & and operators. Void pointer, Pointer to pointer. Pointer in math expression, Pointer arithmetic, Pointer comparison, Dynamic memory allocation functions malloc, calloc, realloc and free. Pointer vs. Array, Array of pointer, Pointor to array, Pointers to function, Function returning pointer, Passing function as Argument to function, Pointer to structure, Dynamic array of structure through pointer to structure.
File Handling and Miscellaneous Features : File handling : file pointer, File accessing functions. fopen, fclose. fpute, fgete, fprintf, fscanf, fread, fwrite,boof, fflush, rewind, fscek, ferror. File handling through command line argument. Introduction to C preprocessor #include, fidefine, Conditional compilation directives : fif, Helse, felif, fendif, fifndef ctc.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Computer Science Paper III Practical
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Computer Science
Paper : Paper III Practical
Practical
• At least 20 Practical based on Syllabus of Paper-I and Paper-II.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Information Technology Paper-1 Fundamental of It, Computer and Pc Software
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Information Technology
Paper : Paper-1 Fundamental of It, Computer and Pc Software
- UNIT 1 INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
Concepts of IT and Information System, Application of IT (in Business, Education, Medicine, Science, Governance and Agriculture), Impact of II on society and industry, Legal and Ethical aspect of IT, Security and Threats in IT, M-Commerce, Virtual reality, Latest trend in IT, Future of IT.
- UNIT-II COMPUTER NETWORK BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
Internet concepts, LAN, MAN, WAN, Topology, Protocol, Transmission mode, communication process, Required elements of Data Communication. Mobile Internet, GPS, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, greentooth, infrared, radio
WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION frequency, microwave.
SOCIAL NETWORKING : Evolution of social network sites (YouTube, Facebook, Linkedin. Twitter), Advantages and Disadvantages of social networking sites.
Introduction, Word Processing (MS-WORD), Advantage of word processing. Introduction and Installation, Editing a file, using paragraph styles. Newspaper style columns, Using macros, Advance word processing. Headers and footers, Finding text, Setting up printer Mail merge and other applications, Mathematical calculator, Table handling.
Introduction to spreadsheet (MS-EXCEL), Definition and advantage of electronie worksheet, Working on spread sheets, Range and related operations, Setting saving and retrieving worksheets, Inserting. Deleting, Coping and Moving of data cells, Inserting and deleting rows and column, Protecting cells, Printing a worksheet, Erasing a worksheet in Graphs creation. Types of graphs, Creating a chart sheet 3D, Columns charts, Moving and changing the size of chart, Printing the chart
- UNIT-V MS-POWER POINT AND MS-ACCESS MS-POWER POINT
Presenting with Power point Creating presentation, Working with slides, Different types of slides, Setting page layout Selecting background and applying design, Adding graphics to slide, Adding sound and movie, Creating chart and graph, Playing a slide show, Slide transition, Advancing slides, Setting time, Rehearsing timing, Animating slide, Animating objects. Running the show from window MS-ACCESS Creating tables in access, Defining data types, Manipulating records.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Information Technology Paper II Programming in 'C' Languace
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Information Technology
Paper : Paper II Programming in 'C' Languace
Fundamentals of C Programming : Overview of C : History of 'C'. Structure of 'C' program. Keywords, Tokens, Data types, Constants, Literals and Variables. Operators and Expressions Arithmetic operators, Relational operator, Logical operators, Expressions, Operator : operator precedence and associatively. Type casting, Console 1/0 formatting. Unformatted I/O functions : getch(), getchar, getche(), gete(), pute(), putchar().
Control Constructs : If-else, conditional operators, switch and break, nested conditional branching statements, loops : do while, while, for, Nested loops, break and continue, goto and label, exit function Functions : Definition, function components : Function arguments, retum value, function call statement, function prototype, Types of function, Scope and lifetime of variable, Call by value and call by reference. Function using arrays, function with command line argument. User defined function : maths and character functions, Recursive function.
Array, Array declaration, One and Two dimensional numeric and character arrays, Multidimensional arrays. String : String declaration, initialization, string manipulation with/without using library function Structure, Union and Enum- Structure : Basics, declaring structure and structure variable, typedef statement, atre of structure, array within structure, Nested structure, passing siructure to function. function returning structure Union : basics, declaring union and union variable, Enum : declaring enum and enum variable.
Pointer : Definition of pointer, Pointer declaration, Using & and operators Void pointer, Poinier to pointer, Pointer in math expression, Pointer arithmetic, Pointer comperison. Dynamic memory allocation functions- malloc, calloc, realloc and free, Pointer vs. Array, Array of pointer, Pointer to array, Pointers to function, Function returning pointer, Passing function as Argument to function, Pointer to structure, Dynamic array of structure through pointer to structure.
File Handling and Miscellaneous Features : File handling file pointer, File accessing functions fopen, felcse, fpuie, fgcte, fprintf, fscanf, fread, fwrite,roof, hush, rewind, fseck, ferrer. Filu andling through command line argument. Introduction to C preprocessor #include, #define, Conditional compilation directives : if, felse, felif, #endif, #ifndef etc.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Information Technology Paper III Practical
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Information Technology
Paper : Paper III Practical
Practical
• At least 20 Practical based on Syllabus of Paper-I and Paper-II.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Biotechnology Paper - I Biochemistry, Biostastics and Computers
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Biotechnology
Paper : Paper - I Biochemistry, Biostastics and Computers
1. Introduction to Biochemistry : History, Scope and Development.
2. Carbohydrates : Classification, Structure and Function of Mono, Oligo and Polysaccharides.
3. Lipids : Structure, Classification and Function.
1. Amino acids and Proteins : Classification, Structure and Properties of amino acids, Types of Proteins and their Classification and Function.
2. Enzymes : Nomenclature and Classification of enzyme. Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme Kinetics and Factors affecting the enzymes action. Immobilization of enzyme and their application.
1. Hormones : Plant Hormone-Auxin and Gibberellins and Animal Hormone-Pancreas and Thyroid.
2. Carbohydrates. Proteins and Lipid Metabolism Glycolysis. Glycogenesis. Glyconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Krebs cycle. Electron Transport Chain and B oxidation of Fatty acids.
1. Scope of Biostatistics. Samples and Population concept. Collection of data-sampling techniques, Processing and Presentation of data.
2. Measures of Central Tendency : Mean, Median and Mode and Standard Deviation.
3. Probability Calculation : Definition of probability. Theorem on total and compound probability.
1. Computers - General introduction, Organization of computer, Digital and Analogue Computers and Computer Algorithm.
2. Concept of Hardware and Software, Input and Output Devices.
3. Application of computer in co-ordination of solute concentration, pH and Temperature etc.. of a Fermenter in operation and Internet application.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Biotechnology Paper - II Cell Biology, Genetics and Microbiology
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Biotechnology
Paper : Paper - II Cell Biology, Genetics and Microbiology
1. Concept of life, Cell as a basic unit of living system and Cell theory.
2. Diversity of Cell shape and size.
3. Prokaryotic cell structure : Function and ultra structure of cell (Gram positive and Gram negative Bacteria), Plasma membrane, Flagella, Pilli, Endospore and Capsule.
4. Eukaryotic cell : Plant cell wall and Plasma membrane.
1.Cytoplasm : Structure and Functions of Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosome, Golgi complex, Lysosomes. Nucleus, Mitochondria and Chloroplast.
2. Cytoskeleton : Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filaments.
3. Cell division : Mitosis and Meiosis.
4. Programmed Cell Death.
1. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.
2. Linkage and Crossing over.
3. Chromosome variation in number and structure : Deletion, Duplication, Translocation. Inversion and Aneuploidy, Euploidy (Monoploidy and Polyploidy and its importance).
1. History, Scope and Development of Microbiology.
2. Basic techniques of Microbial Culture
3. Microbial Growth & Nutrition of Bacteria : Isolation, media sterilization-physical and chemical agents, pure culture-pour plate method, streak plate method and spread plate method. General features and Economic importance of Fungi. Algae and Protozoa etc.
1. Bacterial Reproduction : Conjugation, Transduction and Transformation.
2. Mycoplasma- History, Classification, Structure reproduction & Diseases.
3. Viruses - Basic features, Structure, Classification. Multiplication. Bacteriophages. (Morphology, life cycle, infection and medicinal importance)
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Biotechnology Paper - III Practical
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Biotechnology
Paper : Paper III Practical
List of Practical's AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES MICROBIOLOGY
(1) Laboratory rules, Tools, Equipment and Other requirements in Microbiological laboratory.
(2) Micrometry - Use of ocular & stage Micrometrer.
(3) Counting of bacteria by counting chamber, by plate count.
(4) Preparation of media and cultivation techniques :
(a) Basic liquid media (broth)
(b) Basic Solid media, (agar slants and deep tubes)
(c) Demonstration of selective and differential media
(d) Isolation and enumeration of micro organisms
(e) Isolation from air and Soil
(5)Smears and staining methods :
(a) Preparation of bacterial smear
(b) Gram Negative & Positive staining
(6) Methods of obtaining pure cultures
(a) Streak plate method
(b) Pure plate method
(c) Spread plate method
(d) Broth cultures
(7)Growth & Biochemical techniques
(a) Determination of bacterial growth curve
(b) Amylase production test
(c) Cellulose production test
(d) Estimation of Sugar in given solution
(e) Extraction and separation of lipids
(f) Estimation of proteins.
(h) Mitosis and Meiosis
(8)Biostatistics :
(a) By Manual and by computer.
(b) Problems on mean, mode and median.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Botany Paper-I Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Lichens and Algae
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Botany
Paper : Paper-I Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Lichens and Algae
VIRUSES : General characteristics, types of viruses based on structure and genetic material. Multiplication of viruses (General account), Lytic and Lysogenic cycle. Economic importance. Structure and multiplication of Bacteriophages. General account of Viroids, Virusoids, Prions, and Cyanophages. Mycorrhiza-Types and Significance.
BACTERIA : General characteristics and classification (on the basis of morphology), fine structure of bacterial cell, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, mode of nutrition and reproduction vegetative, asexual and recombination (Conjugation, transformation and transduction), Economic importance. Microbial Biotechnology, Rhizobium, Azatobactor, Anabena.
FUNGI : General account of habit and habitat, structure (range of thallus organization), cell wall composition, nutrition and reproduction in fungi. Heterothallism and Parasexuality. Outlines of classification of fungi. Economic importance of fungi. Life cycles of Saprolegnia, Albugo.. Aspergillus, Peziza, Agaricus, Ustilago, Puccinia, Alternaria and Cercospora. VAM Fungi
ALGAE : Algae : General characters, range of thallus organization, Gaidukov phenomenon, reproduction, life cycle patterns and economic importance.Classification, Systematic position, occurrence, structure and life cycle of following genera : Nostoc, Gloeocaspsa, Volvox.. Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Chara, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia.
Lichens- General account, types, structure, nutrition, reproduction and economic importance. Mycoplasma : Structure and importance. green Green Algae (BGA) in nitrogen economy of soil and reclamation of Ushar land.Mushroom Biotechnology
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Botany Paper -II (Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany)
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Botany
Paper : Paper -II (Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany)
BRYOPHYTA : General characteristics, affinities, range of thallus organization, general classification and economic & ecological importance, Systematic position, occurrence, morphology anatomy and reproductive structure in Riccia, Marchantia, Pellia, Anthoceros, Funaria. Vegetative reproduction in Bryophytes, Evolution of sporophytes.
PTERIDOPHYTES : General characteristics, affinities, economic importance and classification, Heterospory and seed habit, stellar system in Pteridophytes, Aposory and apogamy, Telome theory, Azolla as Biofertilizer.
Systematic position, occurrence. Morphology, anatomy and reproductive structure of Psilotum, Lycopodium, selaginella, Equisetum, Marsilea.
Gymnosperm : General characteristics, affinities, economic importance and classification, Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in Cycas, Pinus and Ephedra.
PALAEOBOTANY : Geological time scale, types of fossils and fossilization, Rhynia, study of some fossil gymnosperms. Lygenopteris
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Botany Paper -III PRACTICAL
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Botany
Paper : Paper III PRACTICAL
Study of external (Morphorgical) and internal (microscopic/anatomical) features of representative gerera given in the theory.
1. Algae : Gloeocapsa, Scytonema, Gloeotrichia, Volvox, Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Chara, Ectocarpus, Sargassum, Batrachospermum
2. Gram staining
3. Fungi : Albugo, Aspergillus, Peziza, Agaricus, Puccinia, Alternaria and Cercospora
4. Bryophyta : Riccia, MarchantiaPellia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum, Funaria
5. Pteridophyta : Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equsetum, Marsilea.
6. Gymnosperm : Cycas, Pinus, Epherda.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Microbiology Paper-1 : General Microbiology & Basic Technique
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Microbiology
Paper : Paper-1 : General Microbiology & Basic Technique
Fundamental, History & Developments Introduction to major groups of microorganisms and fields of Microbiology : Historical development, Contributions of Pioneers (Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Anton Von Leewenhoeck and Alexander Flemming). Beneficial and harmful microbes and its role in daily life.
Basic Microbial Techniques Methods of studying microorganism; Sterilization Techniques (Physical & Chemical Sterilization). Pure culture isolation Technique : Streaking, Waksman serial dilution and plating methods, cultivation, maintenance and preservation of pure cultures. Culture media & conditions for microbial growth. Staining technique : simple staining. Differential (gram staining), negative staining and acid fast staining.
Virology & Bacteriology Diversity of microbial world; Principle and classification of Viruses and Bacteria. Structure, Multiplication and Economic importance of viruses (TMV. Influenza virus & T-Phage). Structure & Functional organization of Bacteria, Cell wall of Gram Positive & Gram Negative bacteria : Economic importance of Bacteria.
Mycology General characteristics and classification of Fungi; Structure and Reproduction of fungi (Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Yeast & Agaricus). Common fungal disease of crops (Late & Early blight of potato, Smut of Rice, Tikka and Red rot of Sugarcane). Structure, reproduction and economic aspect of Lichens.
Phycology & Protozoology General characteristics and classification of Algae and Protozoa : General account & economic importance of Cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Ocillatoria, Nostoc & Anabaena) and Protozoa (Amoeba, Paramoecium, Euglena and plasmodium).
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Microbiology Paper- II : Biochemistry and Physiology
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Microbiology
Paper : Paper- II : Biochemistry and Physiology
- UNIT-I : CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEINS
Structure, classification and properties of Carbohydrates - Monosaccharide, Oligosaccharides (Disaccharides) and Polysaccharides. Structure, classification and properties of Protein - Amino acids, peptides and Proteins (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure).
- UNIT-2LIPIDS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
Structure, classification and properties of Lipids : Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids. Structure and properties of Nucleotides. Structure and forms of DNA; Replication of DNA. Types, Structure and Function of RNA.
Structure. Nomenclature, Classification and Properties of Enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme kinetic : Michaelis Menten. Equation & derivation, Enzyme inhibition, Lineweaver-Burk Plot (LB plot). Co-enzymes and their role; Allosteric enzymes and Isoenzyme. Extracellular enzymes and their role.
- UNIT-4 : MICROBIAL METABOLISM
Bacterial photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis : Glycolysis, TCA cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Anaerobic catabolism of glucose; Fat Biosynthesis,alpha and beta oxidation of fatty acids. Deamination, trasns-amination and Urea cycle.
- UNIT-5 : GROWTH PHYSIOLOGY & TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Bacterial cell division, Genome replication and Growth Phases, Conditions for growth. Plasma membrane & Transport system, types of transport (Passive and active). Diffusion (simple & facilitated), Concept of Uniport, Antiport and Symport;
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Microbiology Paper- III : PRACTICAL
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Microbiology
Paper : Paper III PRACTICAL
PRACTICAL
- Basic information about autoclave, hot air oven, laminar air flow and other laboratory instruments Preparation of solid/liquid culture media.
- Isolation of single colonies on solid media.
- Enumeration of bacterial numbers by serial dilution and plating.
- Simple and differential staining.
- Measurement of microorganism (micrometry) and camera Lucida drawing of isolated organism. Determination of bacterial growth by optical density measurement.
- General and specific qualitative test for carbohydrates
- General and specific qualitative test for amino acids
- General and specific qualitative test for lipids
- Estimation of protein
- Estimation of blood glucose
- Assay of the activity of amylases
- Assay of the activity of Phosphates
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Zoology Paper I (Cell Biology and Non-chordata)
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Zoology
Paper : Paper I (Cell Biology and Non-chordata)
Zoology Paper I (Cell Biology and Non-chordata)
1. The cell (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)
2. Organization of Cell : Extra-nuclear and nuclear Plasma membrane, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, Ribosome and Lysosome).
3. Nucleus, Chromosomes, DNA and RNA
1. Cell division (Mitosis and Meiosis).
2. An elementary idea of Cancer cells And Cell transformation.
3. An elementary idea of Immunity : Innate & Acquired Immunity, Lymphoid organs, Cells of Immune System, Antigen, antibody and their interactions
General characters and classification of Phylum Protozoa, Porifera, and Coelenterata up to order. 2. Protozoa : Type study - Paramecium, 2. Porifera : Type study - Sycon. 3. Coelenterata : Type study - Obelia
General characters and classification of Phylum Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida and Arthropoda up to order. 2. Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes : Type Study-Fasciola, Ascaris 3. Annelida : Type Study - Pheretima. 4. Arthropoda : Type Study - Palaemone.
General characters and classification of Phylum Mollusca and Echinodermata up to order. 2. Mollusca : Type Study - Pila. 3. Echinodermata- Type Study- Asterias (Starfish).
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Zoology Paper II (Chordata and Embryology)
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Zoology
Paper : Paper II (Chordata and Embryology)
1. Classification of Hemichordata
2. Hemichordata- Type study-Balanoglossus
3. Classification of Chordates upto orders..
4. Protochordata-Type study - Amphioxus.
5. A comparative account of Petromyzon and Myxine.
1. Fishes-Skin & Scales, migration in fishes, Parental care in fish.
2. Amphibia-Parental care and Neoteny.
3. Reptilia- Poisonous & Non-poisonous Snakes, Poison apparatus, snake venom and Extinct Reptiles
1. Birds Flight Adaptation, Migration, and Perching mechanism, Discuss-Birds are glorified reptiles.
2. Mammals-Comparative account of Prototheria, Metatheria, Eutheria and Affinities.
3. Aquatic Mammals and their adaptations.
1. Fertilization
2. Gametogenesis,
3. Cleavage Structure of gamete and Typesof eggs
4. Development of Frog up to formation of three germ layers.
5. Parthenogenesis
1. Embryonic induction, Differentiation and Regeneration.
2. Development of Chick (a) up to formation of three germ layers, (2) Extra-embryonic membranes.
3. Placenta in mammals.
B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Zoology Paper III Practical
B.Sc. 1st Year
Subject - Zoology
Paper : Paper III Practical
The practical work will, in general be based on the syllabus prescribed in theory and the candidates will be required to show knowledge of the following :
• Dissection of Earthworm, Cockroach, Palaemon and Pila
• Minor dissection appendages of Prawn & hastate plate, mouth parts of insects, radulla of Pila. (Alternative methods : By Clay/Thermacol/drawing/Model etc.)
• Adaptive characters of Aquatic, terrestrial, aerial and desert animals. Museum specimen invertebrate Slides-Invertebrates, frog embryology, Chick embryology and cytology.
