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PRSU Syllabus 2023: B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU सिलेबस 2023

अगर आप पंडित रविशंकर शुक्ल विद्यालय का बी.एस.सी. तृतीय वर्ष का सिलेबस जानना चाहते हैं या इसका सिलेबस ढूंढ रहे हैं तो आप बिल्कुल सही पोस्ट में आये हैं।

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU सिलेबस 2023

इस पोस्ट में हम आपको पंडित रविशंकर शुक्ल यूनिवर्सिटी (prsu), का bsc 3rd year के सिलेबस दे रहे है।  B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU सिलेबस 2023 के सभी विषय (हिंदी, अंग्रेजी, गणित, बायोलॉजी, रसायन, हिस्ट्री, जियोग्राफी, इकोनॉमिक्स, सोशियोलॉजी, पॉलिटिक्स, माइक्रोबायोलॉजी etc.) के सिलेबस को लिखित और उसका pdf मिलेगा।

In this post, we are giving you the syllabus of Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla University (prsu) bsc 3rd year. B.Sc. All subjects (Hindi, English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, History, Geography, Economics, Sociology, Politics, Microbiology etc.) of 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus 2023 will get the written syllabus and its pdf.

बी.एस.सी. - तृतीय वर्ष सिलेबस (B.Sc. 3rd Year Syllabus - PRSU)

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :Hindi

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - हिंदी

Paper: Paper-I

  • इकाई - 1 
( क ) भारत माता सुमित्रानंदन पंतपरशुराम की प्रतीज्ञा रामधारी सिंह दिनकरबहुत बड़ा सवाल : मोहन : राकेश, संस्कृति और राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण योगेश अटल : 
(ख) कथन की शैलियाँ : रचनागत उदाहरण और प्रयोग ।
  • इकाई - 2
(क) विकासशील देशों की समस्यायेंविकासात्मक पुनर्विचार और प्रौद्योगिकी एवं नगरीकरण 
(ख) विभिन्न संरचनाएँ
  • इकाई-3
(क) आधुनिक तकनीकी सभ्यता, पर्यावरण प्रदूषण तथा धारणीय विकास 
(ख)  कार्यालयीन पत्र और आलेख
  • इकाई - 4
(क) जनसंख्या भारत के संदर्भ में और गरीबी तथा बेरोजगारी।
(ख) अनुवाद।
  • इकाई 5
(क) ऊर्जा और शक्तिमानता का अर्थशास्त्र । 
(ख) घटनाओंसमारोहों आदि का प्रतिवेदन और विभिन्न प्रकार के निमंत्रण पत्र

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :ENGLISH

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - ENGLISH 

Paper: Paper-II

  • UNIT-I
 Essay type answer in about 200 words. 5 essay type question to be asked three to be attempted.
  • UNIT-II 
Essay writing 
  • UNIT-III 
Precis writing 
  • UNIT-IV
Reading comprehension of an unseen passage b Vocabulary based on text 
  • UNIT-V
Grammar Advanced Exercises

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :CHEMISTRY (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - CHEMISTRY 

Paper: Paper-I (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

  • UNIT-I  METAL-LIGAND BONDING IN TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES

 Limitations of valence band theory, an elementary idea of crystal field theory, crystal field splitting in octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes, factors affecting the crystal field parameters. Thermodynamic and kirietic aspects of metal complexes. 

A brief outline of thermodynamic stability of metal complexes and factors affecting the stability, substitution reactions of square planar complexes.

  • UNIT-II MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES

Types of magnetic behaviour, methods of determining magnetic susceptibility, spin only famila, L-S coupling, correlation of us and μ eff. values, arbital contribution to magnetic moments, application of magnetic moment data for 3d metal complexes.

Electronic spectra of Transition Metal Complexes.

Types of electronic transitions, selection rules for d-d transitions, spectroscopic ground states, spectro-chemical series. Orgel-energy level diagram for d² and d² states, discussion of the electronic spectrum of [Ti(H₂O)]³+  complex ion.

  • UNIT-III ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 

Definition, nomenclature and classification of organo metallic compounds. Preparation, properties, bonding and applications of alkyls and aryls of Li, Al, Hg, Sn, & Ti, A brief account of metal-ethylenic complexes and homogeneous hydrogenation, monouclear carbonyls and nature of bodning in metal carbonyls.

  • UNIT-IV BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Essential and trace elements in biological processes, metalloporphyrins with special reference to hemoglobin and myoglobin. Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metals with special reference to Ca²¹, nitrogen fixation.

  • UNIT-V HARD AND SOFT ACIDS AND BASES (HSAB)
Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft. Perason's HSAB concept, acid base strength and hardness and softness. 
Symbiosis Silicones and Phosphazenes
Silicons and phosphazenes as examples of inorganic polymers, nature of banding in triphosphazenes.

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 1st Year Syllabus

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 2nd Year Syllabus

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :PAPER II ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - CHEMISTRY

Paper: PAPER II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

  • UNIT-I: COMPOUNDS A ORGANICMETALLIC 
A. Organomegenesium compounds : Grignard reagents-formation, structure and chemical reactions. Organozinc compounds : formation and chemical reactions. Organolithium compounds formation and chemical reactions.

B. Organosulphur Compounds Nomenclature, structural features, methods of formation and chemical reactions of thiols, thicethers, sulphonic acids, sulphonamides and sulphaguanidine.
Organic Synthesis via Enolates Active methylene groupalkylation of diethylmalorate and ethyl acetoacetate. Synthesis of ethyl acetoacetate : the Claisen condensation. Keto-enol tautomeriam of ethyl acetoacetate.
  • UNIT-II BIOMOLECULES
A. Carbohydrates : Configration of monosaccharides, threo and erytho diastereomers. Formation of glycosides ethers and esters Determination of ring size of monosaccharides. Cyclic structure of D(+) glucose. Structure of ribose and decxyribose. An introduction to disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (starch and cellulose) without involving structure determination. Proteins and Nucleic acids 

B. Classification and structure of protein levels of protein structure, protein denaturation / renaturation, Constituents of amino acids Ribonucleicsids and ribounclectieds, double helical structure of INA.
  • UNIT-III
A. Synthetic Polymers Addition or chain growth polymerization. Free radical vinyl polymerization, Ziegler Natta polymerization, Condensation or Step growth polymerization, Polyesters, polyamides, phenols- formaldehyde resins, urea- formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins and polyurethanes, natural and synthetic rubbers. 

B. Synthetic Dyes Colour and constitution (Electronic Concept). Classification of Dyes. Chemistry of dyes. Chemistry and synthesis of Methyl Orange, Congo Red, Malachite purple, Crystal Violet, Phenolphthalein, fluorescein, Alizarine and Indigo.

  • UNIT-IV SPECTROSCOPY

A. Mass spectroscopy : mass spectrum fragmentation of functional groups.
B. InfraRed Spectroscopy : IR absorption and their position and intensity, Identification of IR spectra. C.UV-Visible Spectroscopy : Beer Lambert's law, effect of Conjugation max Visible spectrum and colour. 
D. Anthocyanin as natural colouring matter (Introduction only) E Application of Mass, IR, UV-Visible Spectroscopy to organic molecules.
  • UNIT-V 
A. NMR Spectroscopy : Introduction to NMR. Shielding and Number of signal in PMR, Chemical shift and characteristic values, spiltting of Signals and Coupling constant. Application to organic molcules.
B. 13 CMR Spectroscopy : Principal & Application. 
C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)- Introductory idea.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :PAPER - III  PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - CHEMISTRY

Paper: PAPER - III  PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

  • UNIT-I QUANTUM MECHANICS
 Black body radiation, Plank's radiation law, photoelectric effect, Compton effect. DeBroglie's idea of matter waves, experimental verification Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Sinosoidal wave equation, Operators : Hamiltonian operator, angular momentum operator, laplacian operators postulate of quantum mechanics Eigen values, Eigen function. Schrodinger time independed wave equation physical significance of  and . Applications of schrodinger wave equation particle in one dimensional box Hydrogenation (separation into three equation's) radial wave function and angular wave function.
  • UNIT-II QUANTUM MECHANICS-II
Quantum mechanical approach of molecular orbit theory; basic idea criteria for forming M.O and A.O, LCAO approximation, formation of H2+ ion, calculation of energy levels from wave functions bonding and antibonding wave functions concept of and arbitals and their characteristics, Hybrid arbital : SP, SP², SP3, Calculation of coefficients Ads used in these hybrid arbitals. 
Introduction to valence bond model of H², Comparison of M.O. and V.B. model, Huckle theory, application of huckel theory to ethane propene etc.
  • UNIT-III SPECTROSCOPY-I
 A. Introduction, characterization of electromagnetic radiation, regions of the spectrum, representation of spectra width and intensity of spectral transition, rotational spectra of calculated diatomic molecules, energy level of rigid rotator, selection rule, determination of band length qualitative description of nam - rigid rotator isotopic effect.

B.  Vibrational spectra - Fundamental vibrational and their symmetry, vibrating diatomic molecules, enegy levels of simple harmonic oscillator. Selection Rule, Pure vibrational Spectrum, determination of force constant, diatomic vibrating operator. Anhormonic Oscillator. 

C.Raman Spectra : Concept of polarizability, quantum theory of Raman spectra stokes and anti stokes lines pure rotational and vibrational Raman spectra, Application of Raman spectra stokes and anti stokes lines, pure rotational and vibrational Raman apectra, Applications of Raman spectra.
  • UNIT-IV SPECTROSCOPY-II
A Electronic Spectra Electronic Spectra of diatonic molecule, Frank London principle, types of electronic transitions. Applications of electronic spectra.

B. Photo-chemistry : Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry. Grothus-Drapper law, Stark-Elinstein law, Jablonski diagram depicting various process occurring in the excited state, qualitative description of fluorescence, occurring in the excited state, qualitative descripiton of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes (internal conversion, intersystem crossing), quantum yield photosensitized reactions energy transfer processes (simple examples).
  • UNIT-V 
A. Thermodynamics Energy refered to absolute zero, third law of therodynamics Test of III law of thermodynamics Nerst heat theorem application and limitation of Nerst heat theorem.

B. Physical properties and molecular structure : polarization of molecules, (Classius-Mosotti equation. orientation of dipoles in an electric field. Dipol moment, induced dipole moment, measurement of dipole moment. Temperature methods and refractivity methods. Dipole moment and molecular structure. 

C. Magnetic Properties : Parmagenetiam diamagnetism, ferromagnetism. Determination of magnetic susceptibility, elucidation of molecular structure. 

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - CHEMISTRY

Paper: Paper-IV (PRACTICAL EXAMINATION)

Five experiments are to be performed. 

1.Inorganic - Two experiments to be performed.'
Gravimetric estimation compulsory carrying 08 marks. (Manipulation 3 marks). 
Anyone experiment from synthesis and analysis carrying 04 marks. 

2.Organic-Two experiments to be performed. Qualitative analysis of organic mixture containing two solid components. compulsory carrying 08 marks (03 marks for each compound and two marks for separation). 
One experiment from synthesis of organic compound (Single step) carrying 04 marks.

3. Physical-One physical experiment carrying 12 marks. 

4. Sessional 04 marks. 

5 . Viva Voce 10 marks.

In case of Ex-Students one mark each will be added to Gravimetric analysis and Qualitative analysis of organic mixture and two marks in Physical experiment.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :Physics Paper - I Relativity,  Quantum Mechanics, Atomic Molecular and Nuclear Physics

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - PHYSICS

Paper: Paper-I (RELATIVITY,  QUANTUM MECHANICS, ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS)

  • UNIT-I
Reference systems, inertial frames, Galilean invariance and conservation laws, propogation of light, Michelson-Morley experiment, search for ether. 
Postulates for the special theory of ralativity, Lorentz tranformations, length contraction, time dilation, velocity additon theorem, variation of mass with velocity, mass-energy equivalence, particle with zero rest mass, Compton effect.
  • UNIT-II
Origin of the quantum theory : Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena such as black-body spectrum, photoelectric effect. Wave-particle dality and uncertainty principle : de Broglie's hypothesis for matter waves : the concept of wave and group velocities, evidence for diffraction & interference of particles, experimental demonstration of mater waves. Davisson and Germer's experiment.
Consequence of de Broglie's concepts, quantisation in hydrogen atom, energies of particle in a box, wave packets.
Consequence of the uncertainty relation : gamma ray microscope, diffraction at a slit. 
  • UNIT-III
Quantum Mechanics : Schrodinger's equation. Postulatory basis of quantum mechanics, operators, expectation values, transition probabilities, applications to particle in a cre and three dimensional boxes, harmonic oscillator in ane dimension, reflection at a step potential, transmission across a potential barrier. 
Hydrogen atom : natural occurrence of n, and m quatum numbers, the related physical quantities.
  • UNIT-IV
Spectra of hydrogen, deuteron and alkali atams spectral terms, doublet fine structure, screening constants for alkali spectra for s,p, d and f states, selection rules. Discrete set of elctronic energies of moleculers, quantisation of vibrational and rotational energies, determination of interrclear distance, pure rotatinal and rotation vibration spectra.
Dissociation limit for the ground and other electronic states, transition rules for pure vibration and electronic vibration spectra. Raman effect, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, complimentary character of Raman and infrared spectra, experimental arrangements for Raman spectroscopy.
  • UNIT-V 
Interaction of charged particles and neutrons with mater, working of nuclear detectors, G-M counter, proportional counter and scintillation counter, cloud chambers, spark chamber, emulsions.

Structure of nurlei, basic properties (HQ and binding energy), deuteron binding energy, p-p and n-p scattering and general concepts of nuclear forces, Beta decay, range of alpha particle Geiger-Nuttal law. Gamow's explanation of beta decay, alpha decay and continuous and discrete spectra.

Nuclear reactions, charnels, compound nucleus, direct reaction (concepts). Shell model & liquid drop model, fission and fusion (concepts), energy production in stars by p-p and carbon cycles (concepts).

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :Physics Paper - -II Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices and Electronics

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - Physics 

Paper: Paper - -II Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices and Electronics

  • UNIT-I
Amorphous and crystalline solids, Elements of symmetry, seven crystal system, Cubic lattices, Crystal planes, Miller indices, Lae's equation for X-ray diffraction, Bragg's Law. Bonding in solids, classification. Cohesive energy of solid.
Madelung constant, evaluation of Parameters.
Specific heat of solids, classical theory (Dulang-Petit's law). Einstein and Debye theories. Vibrational modes of cane dimensional monoatomic lattice, Dispersion relation, Brillouin Zare.
  • UNIT-II
Free electron model of a metal, Solution of one dimensional Schrodiner equation in a constant potential. Density of states. Fermi Energy, Energy bands in a solid (Kronig Penny model without mathematical details). Metals, Insulator and Semiconductors. Hall effect. 

Dia, Para and Ferromagnetism. Langevin's theory of dia and para-magnetism. Curie Weiss's Law. Qualitative description of Ferromagnetism (Magnetic domains), B-H. curve and Hysteresis loss.
  • UNIT-III
Intrinsic semiconductors, carrier concentration in thermal equlibrium, Fermi level, Impurity semiconductor, doner and acceptor levels, Diode equation, junctions, junction breakdown, Depletion width and junction capacitance, abrupt junction, Turnel diode, Zener diode. Light emitting diode, solar cell, Bipolar transistors, prp and run transistors, characteristics of transistors, different configurations, ament amplification factor, FET.
  • UNIT-IV
Half and full wave rectifier, rectifier efficiency ripple factor, Bridge rectifier, Filters, Inductor filter, T and N filters, Zener diode, regulated power supply. 
Applications of transistors. 
Bipolar Transistor as amplifier.
Single stage and CE small signal amplifiers, Emitter followers, Transistoras power amplifier, Transistor as oscillator, Wein-Bridge Oscillator and Hartley oscillator.

  • UNIT-V
 Introduction to computer organisation, time sharing and multi programming systems, window based word processing packages, MS Word.

 Introduction to C programming and application to simple problems of arranging numbers in ascending / descending orders : sorting a given data in an array, solution of simultaneous euation.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus : Physics PRACTICALS

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - Physics 

Paper: Paper-III PRACTICALS

MINIMUM 16 (Sixteen) Out of the following or similar experiment of equal standard : 

1.Determination of Planck's constant
2.Determination  of e/m by using Thomson's tube 
3.Determination of e by Millikan's method
4. Study of spectra of hydrogen and deuterium (Rydberg constant and ratio of masses of electron proton) 
5. Absorption spectrum of iodine vapour 
6. Study of alkali or alkaline earth spectra using a concave gra's 
7. Study of Zeeman effect for determination of Lande g-factor.
8. Analysis of a given band spectrum. 
9. Study of Raman spectrum using laser as an excitation source. 
10. Study of absorption of alpha and beta rays. 
11. Study of statistics in radioactive measurement
12. Coniometric study of crystal faces.
13. Determination of dielectric constant
14. Hysteresis curve of transformer core
15. Hall-probe method for measuement of magnetic field
16. Specific resistance and energy gap of a semiconductor
17. Characteristics of transistor
18. Characteristics of a tunnel diode
19. Study of voltage regulation system
20. Study of a regulated power supply
21. Study of lissajous figures using a CRO
22. Study of VTVM
23. Study of RC and TC coupled amplifiers
24. Study of AF and RF oscillators
25. Find roots of f(x)=0 by using Newton-Raphson method
26. Find roots of F(x)=0 by using secant method
27. Integration by Simpson rule
28. To find the value of V at
31. String manipulations
32. Towers of Honoi (Nonrecursive)
33. Finding first four perfect numbers
34. Quadratic interpolation using Newton's forward-difference formula of degree two.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :MATHEMATIS  PAPER - I  ANALYSIS

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - MATHEMATIS

Paper: Paper-I ANALYSIS

  • UNIT-I
Series of arbitrary terms. Convergence, divergence and Oscillation. Abel's and Dirichlet's test. Miltiplication of series. Double series.
Partial derivation and differentiability of real-valued functions of two variables. Schwarz and Young's theorem. Implicit function theorem.
Fourier series. Fourier expansion of piecewise monotonic functions.
  • UNIT-II 
Rieman integral. Intergrability of continuous and monotonic functions. The fundamental theorem of integral calculus. Mean value theorems of integral calculus.
 Improper integrals and their convergence, Comparison tests. Abel's and Dirichlet's tests. Frullani's integral. Integral as a function of a parameter. Continuity, derivability and integrability of an integral of a function of a parameter.
  • COMPLEX ANALYSIS UNIT-III
Complex numbers as ordered pairs. Geometric representation of Complex numbers. Stereographic projection. 
Continuity and differentiability of Complex functions. Analytic functions. Cauchy Riemann equations. Harmonic functions. 
Elementary functions. Mapping by elementary functions. 
Mobius transformations. Fixedpoints, Cross ratio. Inverse points and critical mappings. Conformal mappings.
  • METRIC SPACES UNIT-IV
 Definition and examples of metric spaces. Neighbourhoods, Limit points, Interior points, Open and closed sets, Closure and interior. Boundary points, Sub-space of a metric space. Cauchy sequences, Completeness, Cantor's intersection theorem. Contraction principle, Construction of real numbers as the completion of the incomplete metric space of rationals. Real numbers as a complete ordered field.
  • UNIT-V
 Dense subsets. Baire Category theorem. Separable, second countable and first countable spaces. Continuous functions. Extension theorem. Uniform continuity, Isometry and homeomorphism. Equivalent metrics. Compactness, Sequential compactness. Totally bounded spaces. Finite intersection property. Continuous functions and compact sets, Connectedness, Components, Continuous functions and connected sets.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :MATHEMATIS  PAPER - II ABSTRACT ALGEBRA

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - MATHEMATIS 

Paper: PAPER - II ABSTRACT ALGEBRA

  • UNIT-I 
Group-Automorphisms, inner automorphism. Automorphism groups and their compu tations, Conjugacy relation, Normaliser, Counting principle and the class equation of a finite group. Center for Group of prime-order, Abelianizing of a group and its universal property. Sylow's theorems, Sylow subgroup, Structure theorem for finite Abelian groups.
  • UNIT-II 
Ring theory-Ring homamorphism. Ideals and Quotient Rings. Field of Quotients of an Integral Domain, Euclidean Rings, Polynomial Rings, Polynomials over the Rational Field. The Eisenstien Criterion, Polynomial Rings over Commutative Rings, Unique factorization domain. R unique factorisation domain implies so is R [x1, x2 xn] Modules, Submodules, Quotient modules, Homomorphism and Isomorphism theorems.
  • UNIT-III
Definition and examples of vector spaces. Subspaces. Sum and direct sum of subspaces, Linear span. Linear dependence, independence and their basic properties. Basis. Finite dimensional vector spaces. Existence theoremfor bases. Invariance of the number of elements of a basis set. Dimension. Existence of complementary subspace of a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space. Dimension of sums of subspaces. Quotient space and its dimension.
  • UNIT-IV
 Linear transformations and their representation as matrices. The Algebra of linear transformations. The rank millity theorem. Change of basis. Dual space. Bidual space and natural isomorphism. Adjoint of a linear transformation. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation. Diagonalisation. Annihilator of a subspace. Bilinear, Quadratic and Hermitian forms.
  • UNIT-V
Inner Product Spaces-Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Orthogonal vectors. Orthogonal Complements. Orthonormal sets and bases. Bessel's inequality for finite dimensional spaces. Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization process.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus : MATHEMATIS PAPER - III - (OPTIONAL) (I) PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - MATHEMATIS 

Paper: PAPER - III - (OPTIONAL) (I) PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 

  • UNIT-I
Data Storage - Storage of bits. Main Data Storage - Memory. Mass Storage. Coding Information of Storage. The Binary System. Storing integers, storing fractions, communication errors.
Data Manipulation - The Central Processing Unit. The Stored-Program Concept. Programme Execution. Other Architectures. Arithmetic/Logic Instructions. ComputerPeripheral Communication.
  • UNIT-II 
Operating System and Networks - The Evolutionof Operating System. Operating System Architecture. Coordinating the Machine's Activities. Handling Competition Among Process. Networks. Networks Protocol. 
Software Engineering - The Software Engineering Discipline. The Software Life Cycle. Modularity. Development Tools and Techniques. Documentation. Software Ownership and Liability.
  • UNIT-III
 Algorithms - The Concept of an Algorithm, Algorithm Representation. Algorithm Discovery. Iterative Structures. Recursive Structures. Efficiency and Correctness. (Algorithms to be implemented in c**) Programming Languages - Historical Perspective. Traditional Programming Concepts, Program Units. Language Implementation. Parallel Computing. Declarative Computing.
  • UNIT-IV
Data Structures - Arrays. Lists. Stacks. Queues. Trees. Customised Data Types. Object Oriented Programming.
File Structure - Sequential Files. Text Files. Indexed Files. Hashed Files. The Role of The Operating System. 
Database Structure General Issues. The Layered Approach to Database Implementation. The Relational Model. Object-Oriented Database. Maintaining Database Integrity. E-R models.
  • UNIT-V
 Artifical Intelligence Some Philosophical Issues. Image Analysis. Reasoning, Control System Activities. Using Heuristics. Artificial Narral Networks. Application of Artificial Intelligence. Theory of Computation - Turning Machines. Computable functions. A Non computable Function. Complexity and its Measures. Problem Classification.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :MATHEMATICS  PAPER - III - (OPTIONAL) (II) DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - MATHEMATICS 

Paper: PAPER - III - (OPTIONAL) (II) DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 

PAPER - III - (OPTIONAL) (II) DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 

  • UNIT-I
Sets and Propositions - Cardinality. Mathematical Induction, Principle of Inclusion and exclusion. Computability and Formal Languages - Ordered Sets. Languages. Phrase Structure Grammars. Types of Grammars and Languages. Permutations. Combinations and Discrete Probability.
  • UNIT-II
Relations and Functions - Binary Relations, Equivalence Relations and Partitions. Partial Order Relations and Lattices. Chains and Antichains. Pigeon Hole Principle. 
Graphs and Planar Graphs - Basic Terminology. Multigraphs. Weighted Graphs. Paths and Circuits. Shortest Paths. Bulerian Paths and Circuits. Travelling Salesman Problem. Planner Graphs. 
TREES.
  • UNIT-III
 Finite State Machines - Equivalent Machines. Finite State Machines as Language Recognizers. Analysis of Algorithms - Time Complexity. Complexity of Problems. Discrete Numeric Functions and Generating Functions.
  • UNIT-IV
Recurrence Relations and Recursive Algorithms - Linear Recurrence Relations with Constant Coefficients. Homogeneous Solutions. Particular Solution. Total Solution. Solution by the Method of Generating Functions. Brief review of Groups and Rings.
  • UNIT-V
Boolean Algebras - Lattices and Algebraic Structures. Duality, Distributive and Complemented Lattices. Boolean Lattices and Boolean Algebras. Boolean Functions and Expressions. Prepositional Calculus. Design and Implementation of Digital Networks. Switching Circuits.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :BOTANY PAPER-I  PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - BOTANY 

Paper: PAPER-I  PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

  • UNIT-I 
Plant-water relations : Importance of water to plant life; physical properties of water; diffusion and camosis; absorption, transport of water and transpiration; physiology of stomata.
Mineral nutrition : Essential macro and micro-elements and their role; mineral uptake; deficiency and toxicity symptoms.
  • UNIT-II 
Transport of organic substances : Mechanism of phloem transport; source-sink relationship; factors affecting translocation. 
Basic of enzymology : Discovery and nomenclature; characteristics of enzymes ; concept of holoenzyme apoenzyme, coenzyme and cofactors; regulation of enzyme activity, mechanizm of action. Photosynthesis : Significance; historical aspects ; photosynthetic pigments; action spectra and enhancement effects; concept of two photosystems; Z-scheme ; photo phosphorylation; Calvin cycle; C4 pathway; CAM plants; photorespiration.
  • UNIT-III
Respiration : AIP - the biological energy currency; aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Kreb's cycle, electron transport mechanism (chemi-cemotic theory); redox potential; oxidative phosphorylation; pentose phosphate pathway.
Nitrogen and lipid metabolism : Biology of nitrogen fixation; importance of nitrate reductase and its regulations; ammonium assimilation; structure and function of lipids, fatty acid biosynthesis ; Beta-cidation; saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; storage and mobilization of fatty acids.
  • UNIT-IV
 Growth and development : Definitions ; phases of growth and development; kinetics of growth, seed dormancy, seed germination and factors of their regulation; plant movements; the concept of photoperiodism; physiology of flowering; florigen concept; biological clocks; physiology of senescence, fruit ripening; plant hormones auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene, history of their discovery, biosynthesis and mechanism of action; photomorphogenesis; phytochromes and cryptochromes, their discovery, physiological role and mechanism of action.
  • UNIT-V
 Genetic engineering Tools and techniques of recombinant INA technology; cloning vectors; genomic and cDNA library; transposable elements; techniques of gene mapping and chromosome walking. 
Biotechnology : Functional definition; basic aspects of plant tissue culture ; cellular totipotency, differentiation and morphogenesis; biology of Agrobacterium ; vectors for gene delivery and marker genes; salient achievements in crop biotechnology.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :BOTANY PAPER-II  ECOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF PLANTS

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - BOTANY 

Paper: PAPER-II  ECOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF PLANTS

  • UNIT-I
Plants and environment : Atmosphere (gaseous composition), water (properties of water cycle), light (global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation), temperature, soil (development, soil profiles, physico-chemical properties), and biota. 
Morphological, anatomical and physiological responses of plants to water (hydro phytes and xerophytes), temperature (thermoperiodicity), light (photoperiodism, heliophytes and sciophytes) and salinity.
  • UNIT-II
 Comnity Ecology : Community characteristics, frequency, density, cover, life forms biological spectrum; ecological succession. 
Ecosystems : Structure, abiotic and biotic components; food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow; biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.
  • UNIT-III
 Population ecology Growth curves; ecotypes; ecads. Biogeographical regions of India. 
Vegetation types of India : Forests and grasslands. 
  • UNIT-IV
Utilization of Plants Food plants : Rice, wheat, maize, potato, sugercane. Fibres : Cotton and jute.
Vegetable oils : Groundnut, mustard and coconut General account of sources of firewood, timber and bamboos.
  • UNIT-V
 Spices : General account. 
Medicinal plants : General account
Beverages Tea and coffee. Rubber.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :BOTANY PAPER-III  PRACTICAL 

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - BOTANY 

Paper: Paper-III PRACTICAL 

1. Food Plants : Study of the morphology, structure and simple microchemical tests of the food storing tissues in rice, wheat, maize, potato and sugarcane, Microscopic exmaination of starch in these plants (excepting sugarcane)

2. Fibres : Study of cotton flowers, sectioning of the cotton ovules/developing seeds to trace the origin and development of cotton fibres. Microscopic study of cotton and test for cellulose, Sectioning and staining of jute stem to show the location and development of firbres. Microscopic structure. Test for lignocellulose.

3. Vegetable oils : Study of hand sections of groundhut, mustard and coconut and staining of oil droplets by Sudan III and Sudan Black. 

4. Field visits : To study sources of firewood (10 plants), timber-yielding trees (10 trees) and bamboos. A list to be prepared mentioning special features.

5. Spices : Examine black pepper, cloves, cinnamon (hand sections) and opened fruits of cardamom and describe them briefly. 

6. Preparation of an illustrated inventory of 10 medicinal plants used in indigenous systems of medicine or allopathy : Write their botanical and common names, parts used and disease/disorders for which they are prescribed.

7. Beverages : Cut Sections of boiled coffee beans and tea leaves to study the characterstic

8. Rubber : Collect illustrative materials of Hevea brasillensis; morphology of the plant and tapping practices, history of rubber. List the many uses of rubber.

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 1st Year Syllabus

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 2nd Year Syllabus

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :ZOOLOGY Paper-1 Ecology, Enviromental-biology, Toxicology; Microbiology and Medical Zology

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - ZOOLOGY 

Paper: Paper-1 Ecology, Enviromental-biology, Toxicology; Microbiology and Medical Zology

  • UNIT-I (ECOLOGY)
1. Aims and scopes of Ecology. 
2. Major ecosystems of the world-Brief intruduction 
3. Population- Characteristics and regualtion of densities. 
4. Communities and Ecosystems. 
5. Biogeochemical cycles
6. Air and water pollution
7.Ecological succession 
  • UNIT-II (ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY)
1. Laws of limiting factors 
2. Food chain in a freshwater ecosystem. 
3. Energy flow in ecosystem-Trophic levels 
4. Conservation of Natural resources 
5. Environmental impact Assessment
  • UNIT-III (TOXICOLOGY)
1. Definition of Toxicity 
2. Classification of toxicants 
3. Principle of systematic toxicology 
4. Toxic agents and their action- Metallic and inorganic agents 
5. Animal poisons - Snake-venom, Scorpion and bee poisoning 
6. Food pisoning
  • UNIT-IV (MICROBIOLOGY)
1. General and Applied microbiology. 
2. Microbiology of Domestic water and sewage 
3. Microbiology of milk and milk products 
4. Industrial microbiology
  • UNIT-V (MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY) 
1. Brief introduction to pathogenic micro-organisurs, Rickettsia, Spirochaetes and Bacteria. 
2. Brief account of life-history and pathogenicity of the following pathogens with reference to man ; Prophylaxis and treatment - 
(a) Pathogenic Protozoans - Entamoeba, Trypanosoma, and Giardia
(b) Pathogenic helminths - Schistosoma (c) Nematode Pathogenic parasites of man 
3. Vector insects

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :ZOOLOGY PAPER-II GENETIC'S CELL PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNIQUES)

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - ZOOLOGY 

Paper: PAPER-II GENETIC'S CELL PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNIQUES)

PAPER-II GENETIC'S CELL PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNIQUES)

  • UNIT-I (GENETIC'S) 
1. Linkage and Linkage maps 
2 Varieties of gene expression - Miltiple alleles; lithogenesis; Pleictropic genes; gene interaction; epistasis. 
3.Sexchromosome systems, and sex-linkage. 
4.Mutation and chromosomal alterations; meiotic consequences.
5. Human genetics - chromosomal and single gene disorders (somatic cell genetics)
  • UNIT-II (CELL PHYSIOLOGY) 
1 General idea about pH and Buffer. HN 
2. Transport across membrane - cell membrane; Mitochondria andEndoplasmic reticulum. 
3.Active transport and its mechanism; Active transport in Mitochondria and Endoplasmic reticulum. 4.Hydrolytic enzymes - Their chemical nature, Activation and specificity.
  • UNIT-III (BIOCHEMISTRY) 
1. Amino acids and Peptides - Basic structure and biological function. 
2. Carbohydrate and its metabolism - Glycogenesis; Gluconeogenesis; glycolysis, Glycogenolysis; Cosi-cycle. 
3. Lipid metabolism - Oxidation of glycerol; oxidation of fatty acid. 
4. Protein metabolism - Deamination,Transamination, Transmethylation; Biosynthesis of Protein;
  • UNIT-IV (BIOTECHNOLOGY)
1. Biotechnology - Scope and importance. 
2. Recombinant DNA and Gene cloning. 
3. Cloned genes and other tools of biotechnology. 
4. Applications of biotechnology in (i) Pharmaceutical industry, and (ii) Food processing industry.
  • UNIT-V (BIOTECHNIQUE) 
Principles and techniques about the following 
1. pH meter 
2. Colorimeter 
3. Microscopy-Light microscopes, Phase contrast and Electron microscopes. 
4. Centrifugation 
5. Separation of biomolecules by chromatography, and Electrophoresis 
6. Histrochemical methods for determination of Protein, Lipids, and carbohydrate

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :ZOOLOGY PAPER-III PRACTICAL 

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - ZOOLOGY

Paper: Paper-III PRACTICAL 

The Practical work in general shall be based on syllabus prescribed in theory. The candidates will be required to show knowledge of the following : 

1. Estimation of population density, Percentage frequency, Relative density. 
2. Analysis of Producers and consumers in grassland. 
3. Detection of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. 
4. Blood group detection (A,B, AB & O). 
6. R.B.C., W.B.C. count. 6. Blood coagulation time. 
7. Preparation of Hematin crystals from blood of rat. 
8. Observation of Drosophila, wild and mutant. 
9. Chromatography-Paper or gel. 
10. Colorimetric estimation of hemoglobin. 
11. Mitosis in onion root tip. 
12. Biochemical detection of Carbohydrate, Protein and Lipid. 
13. Study of Permanent slides of Parasites, based on theory paper. 
14. Working Principles of pH meter, Colorimeter, centrifuge and microscopes.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :MICRO-BIOLOGY PAPER-I  MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - MICRO-BIOLOGY

Paper: PAPER-I  MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

  • UNIT-I
History of molecular biology, model systems, concepts of molecular biology, Early history of genetic engineering, genetic engineering concepts, ethical issue. 
  • UNIT-II
Mutation; spontaneous and induced, base pair change, fram shift, deletion, inversion, random duplication, insertion, useful phenotypes (auxotrophs, conditional lethal, resistance). Revertion vs suppression, Ame's test. 
  • UNIT-III
Function of macromolecules; early observation on the mechanism of heredity, INA as genetic material; basic mechanism of replication, enzymes involved in replication, Enzymes involved in transcription translation, genetic code, regulation of gene expression-transcription, translation and control of gene expression in microbes. 
  • UNIT-IV 
INA repair and restriction, types of repair systems, restriction modification systems, types of restriction enzymes, properties and uses, methylation. Biology of plasmids. Bacteriophages, lytic vs lysosogenic phages, single standard DNA phages, M 13, restriction modification systems, restriction enzymes. 
  • UNIT-V
 Plasmid and phage vectors, restriction and ligation of vector and passenger DNA, transformation of host cells, selection vs. screening of recombinant colonies, analysis of recombinant clones, INA sequencing, protein separation and identification methods.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :MICRO-BIOLOGY PAPER - II ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - MICRO-BIOLOGY

Paper: PAPER - II ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

  • UNIT-I
Aerobiology; definition, droplet nuclei, aerosol assessment of air quality, some important air borne diseases caused by bacteria (Diptheria, Peneumonia, Meningitis), virus (Influenza, Chicken pox, Measels) and fungi (mycosis); their symptoms and preventive measures
  • UNIT-II 
Soil microbiology : Physical and chemical characteristics and micro flora of various soil types, rhizosphere, phyllosphere. Brief account of microbial interactions: symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, competition, amensalism, synergism, parasitism, and predation.
Biofertilizers - biological nitrogen fixation, nitroginase enzyme, nif genes, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Azotobacter, Azospirillum), VAM-ecto-endo-ectendomycorrhizae
  • UNIT-III
Aquaticd microbiology; ecosystem, fresh water (ponds, lakes, stream) and marine, Water zonation : upwelling, entrophication.
Potability of water - microbial assessment of water quality. 
Brief account of water borne diseases (Typhoid, Dysentery, Cholera, Hepatitis) and preventive measures.
  • UNIT-IV
Food spoilage and food borne infections.
A brief mention about biodegradation, xenobiotics, bioaccunmulation, biopestisides and deterioration. General concept of industrial microbiology and their applications.
  • UNIT-V 
Waste Treatment : types of wastes, characterization of solid and liquid waste, waste treatment solid saccharification, gasification, composting. 
Liquid waste treatment - aerobic, anaerobic primary, secondary and tertiary methods. Useful byproducts, mushroom, fuel, fertilizer, Biodegradation of industrial waste.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :MICRO-BIOLOGY PAPER - III PRACTICAL 

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - MICRO-BIOLOGY

Paper: Paper-III PRACTICAL 

Characterization of genetic markers of known bacterial strain
Isolation of INA from bacteria
Isolation of plasmid DNA
Simple claning using plasmid DNA as vector and transformation of competent E. coli Electrophoresis of protein / INA. 
Isolation of microorginams from air, soil and water. 
Isolation of pathogenic microorganisms. 
Study of rhizcepheric and phyllowpheric microbes from economically important plants. Biodegradation of some organic molecules.
Microbial assessment of potable water. 
Analysis of sewage waste, solid waste (garbage). 
Isolation of aquatic fungi (zoosporic) by baiting technique.
Isolation of keratinophilic fungi soil by baiting technique
Demonstration of beacterial antagonism. 
Microscopic observation of root colonization by VAM fungi.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :Geology Theory Paper I

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - Geology

Paper: Paper-I

  • इकाई-1
1.खनिज उपलब्धता के नियामक तथ्य। वैश्विक खनिज नियम एवं संसाधन 
2.दिक्काल में खनिज निक्षेपों का वितरणपारम्परिक एवं गैर पारम्परिक ऊर्जा संसाधन : सूर्य-आतपजल, वायु, उष्ण झरने, समुद्र तरंगे ।
3.अयस्क निर्माणकारी खनिज धात्विक एवं अधात्विक । अयस्क निर्माण की मैग्मीय सांद्रगण विधि । 
4.उष्ण जलीय प्रक्रियायें, स्कार्न । 
5.उपक्षय उत्पाद एवं अवशिष्ट निक्षेप आक्सीकरण एवं सल्फाइड समृद्धि प्रक्रम ।
  • इकाई-2
1.अयस्क निर्माण की अवसादी प्रक्रिया ।
2.प्रतिस्थापन एवं जीवाश्विक अवक्षेपणकोलायडल निक्षेपण लवणीजल का वाष्पोत्सर्जन ।
3.अयस्क निर्माण की कायान्तरणी प्रक्रिया । 
4.भू-वैज्ञानिक कालों में वैश्विक विर्तनिकी एवं धानुनिर्मिती । 
5.भू-वैज्ञानिक वितरण, खनिजकीय विशेषता तथा भारत में निम्न धातु निक्षेपों का वितरण लौह-मैगनींज-क्रोमियम
  • इकाई-3
1.भू-वैज्ञानिक वितरण खनिजकीय विशेषता एवं भारत में निम्न धातु निक्षेपों का वितरण : ताम्र-सीसा-जस्ता
2.भू-वैज्ञानिक वितरण - खनिजकीय विशेषता एवं भारत में निम्न धातु निक्षेपों का वितरण : सोना-अल्युमिनियम
3.भू-वैज्ञानिक वितरण - खनिजकीय विशेषता एवं भारत में निम्न अधातु निक्षेपों का वितरण : तापसह एवं उर्वरक खनिज ।
4. भू-वैज्ञानिक वितरण - खनिजकीय विशेषता एवं भारत में निम्न अधातु निक्षेपों का वितरण : सीमेंट एवं केमिकल उद्योग में प्रयुक्त खनिज एवं वास्तुप्रास्तर
5.भू-वैज्ञानिक वितरण खनिजकीय विशेषता एवं भारत में निम्न अधातु निक्षेपों का वितरण : रत्न
  • इकाई-4
1. धातु सांद्रण की प्रमुख विधियाँ ताम्र एवं मैग्नींज ।
2. खनिज दोहन के पर्यावरणीय प्रभाव 
3. कोयला निक्षेपों की उत्पत्ति, परिभाषा एवं संस्तर विज्ञान
4. कोल-शैलिकी के मूलभूत तथ्य पीट, लिग्नाइट, विटूमिनसएंथ्रासाइट। 
5.भारतीय कोयला निक्षेप विशेष संदर्भ में छत्तीसगढ़ :
  • इकाई-5
1प्राकृतिक हाइड्रोकार्बन की उत्पत्तिस्थानांतरण एवं स्थानबद्धता, स्रोत एवं संचयकारी 
2.आयलट्रेप के प्रकार संरचनात्मक स्तरविज्ञानी एवं मिश्रित ।
3.भारत के तटीय एवं अपतटीय पेट्रोलियम निक्षेप
4.रेडियोधर्मी खनिज खनिजकीयभू-रसायन, पूर्वेक्षण तकनीक
5.भारत वर्ष में रेडियोधर्मी खनिज का वितरण । 

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :Geology Theory Paper II

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - Geology

Paper: Paper-II

  • इकाई-1
1.पर्यावरण भू-विज्ञान की अवधारणायें एवं परिभाषा
2.मृदानिर्माण - मृदा प्रकार
3 पृथ्वी की प्राकृतिक पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र की अवधारणायें उनकी अंतर्क्रियाएं एवं अर्न्तसम्बन्ध 
4.प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण पर मानव का पर्यावरण नदी मार्ग का अंतरण
5.मार्ग अंतरण का मृदा अपरदन पर प्रभाव भूस्खलन एवं बाढ़
  • इकाई-2
1.वृहत्त बाध, जलाशय, सुरंग आदि के निर्माण में स्थल चयन एवं पर्यावरणीय प्रभावों का अध्ययन
2.हवाई-छायाचित्रों एवं उपग्रह इमेजियरी का प्रारंभिक अध्ययन
3.शहरी विकास एवं वृहअभियांत्रिकी संरचनाओं की आयोजना में दूर-संवेदन तकनीकों का अनुप्रयोग
4.फोटो जियोलॉजिकल मानचित्रों का निर्माण जल चक्र
  • इकाई-3 भूजलसंचयी
1. शैल शैल एवं उनका वर्गीकरण
2.जलमृतशैलों का वर्गीकरण : डार्सि का नियम एवं उसकी उपयुक्ता 
3.भारत का भूजल प्रदेश
4.जलग्रहण प्रबंधन की अवधारणायें सतही एवं अधो सतही निष्कर्षण विधियाँ
  • इकाई-4
1.आर्थिक खनिजों के लिये पूर्वेक्षण विधियाँ : ड्रीलिंगप्रतिनयन एवं आमापन
2.खनिज पूर्वेक्षण की गुरूत्वी, विद्युतीय एवं चुम्बकीय विधियाँ ।
3.पूर्वेक्षण की हवाई एवं भूकम्पीय विधियाँ । 
4.पूर्वेक्षण की भू-पादपीय विधियाँ 
5.पूर्वेक्षण की भू-रासायनिक विधियाँ । 
  • इकाई-5
1.बोरहोललागिंग एवं विचलन सांख्यिकी। 
2.खनिज खपत का परिवर्तनशील स्वरूप ।
3.राष्ट्रीय खनिज नीति । 
4.खनिज-कन्शेसन-नियम 
5.समुद्री खनिज संसाधन एवं तत्संबंधित नियम

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :STATISTICS PAPER-I APPLIED STATISTICS

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - STATISTICS 

Paper: Paper-I (APPLIED STATISTICS)

  • UNIT-I
Indian Applied Statistical System : Present official statistical system in India, Methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations, and the principal publications containing such statistics on the topics-population agriculture, industry, trade, price, labour and employment, transport and communications, banking and finance.
  • UNIT-II
Demographic Methods : Sources of demographic data - census, register, adhoc survey, hospital records, demographic profiles of Indian census. Measurement of mortality and life tables- crude, death rates, infant mortality rates, death date by cause, standardized death rate, complete life table - its main features, mortality rate and probability of dying, use of survival tables. Measurement of fertility - crude birth rate, general fertility rate, total fertility rate, gross reproduction rate, net reproduction rate.
  • UNIT-III
Economic Statistics : Index number its definition, applications of index numbers. price relatives and quantity or volume relatives, link and chain relatives, problems involved in computation of index numbers, use of averages, simple aggregative and weighted average methods, Laspeyre's, Paasche's and Fisher's index numbers, time and factor reversal tests of index numbers. Consumer Price Index. 
  • UNIT-IV
Static laws of demand and supply, price elasticity of demand, analysis of income and allied size distribution - Pareto distribution, graphical test, fitting of Pareto's law, log normal distribution and its properties, Lorenz curve and estimation of elasticity from time series data. Gini's coefficient.
  • UNIT-V 
Time Series Analysis : Economic time series, its different components, Illustrations, additive and multiplicative models, determination of trend, growth curves, analysis of seasonal fluctuations construction of seasonal indices.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :STATISTICS PAPER-II Statistical Quality Control and Computational Techniques

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - STATISTICS

Paper: PAPER-II STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES

  • UNIT-I
Importance of statistical methods in industrial research and practice, specification of items and lot qualities corresponding to visual gauging, count and measurements, types of inspection, determination of tolerance limits. General theory of control charts, causes of variation in quality, control limits, sub-grouping, summary of out-ot control criteria, charts for attributes, rp dart, p-chatr, c- chart, u- chart, Charts for variables X- and R charts, design of X and R charts versus p-charts, process capability studies.
  • UNIT-II
Principle of acceptance sampling- problem of lot acceptance, stipulation of good and bad lots, producer's and consumers risks, single and double sampling plans, their XC functions, concepts of AQL, LTPD, AOQL, average amount of inspection and ASN function, rectifying inspection plans, Sampling inspection plans, Indian Standards Tables Part-I (including applications), IS 2500 Part I. 
  • UNIT-III
 Computational techniques : Difference tables and methods of inferpolation, Newton's and Lagrange's methods of interpolation, Divided differences, numerical differentiation and integration, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's one-third farmila, iterative solution of non linear equations.
  • UNIT-IV
 Linear Programming : Elementary theory of convex sets, definition of general linear programming problems (LPP), formulation problems of LPP, examples of LPP, Problems occurring in various fields, graphical and Simplex method of solving an LPP, artificial variables, diality of LPP. Transportation Problem (non-degenerate and balanced cases only), Assignment Problem. 
  • UNIT-V
 Four short notes, one from each unit. Student have to answer any two.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :STATISTICS PAPER-III PRACTICAL

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - STATISTICS 

Paper: PAPER-III PRACTICAL

1. Computing measures of mortality & fertility, Construction of life tables and examples involving use of life tables, Graduation of mortality rates by Gompertz curve, fitting of a logistic curve.

2. Construction of Index Numbers by Laspeyre's, Paasche's, Fisher's method. 

3. Determination of trend in a time series, construction of seasonal indices.

4. Fitting of Pareto curve to income data, Lorenz curve of concentration, Estimation of price elasticity of demand form time series data. 

5. Drawing of X-R, np, p and c- charts. Drawing of OC curve for single and double sampling plans for attributes, AOQ and ATI curves. 

6. Construction of difference tables, use of Newton's Lagrange's methods of interpolation and divided difference formulae, numerical evaluation of integrals using Trapezoidal and Simpson's one-third formulae, solution of non-linear equation by Newton-Raphson iterative method. 

7. Formulation of LPP's and their duals. Solving LPPs by graphical and simplex methods, transportation and assignment problems.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :DEFENCE STUDIES PAPER-I PROBLEMS OF WAR AND PEACE

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - DEFENCE STUDIES

Paper: PAPER-I PROBLEMS OF WAR AND PEACE 

  • Unit-l U.N.O. AND WORLD PEACE
1.Organs and its role. 
2.Main specialized agencies of U.N.O.
3.Role of U.N.O. in world peace. 
4.Peace keeping forces of the U.N.O. 
5.Veto power and Security Council.     
  • Unit-II WAR AND PEACE 
1.Sattlement of International Disputes. +
2.Diplomatic agents and Consuls. 
3.War Crimes.  
4.Neutrality. 
5.Intervention.
  • Unit-III HUMANITARIAN LAW
1. Basic concepts and development of Humanitarian law. 
2.UN General Assembly declaration of human rights on Dec. 10, 1948. 
3.Protection of Victims and defenceless in armed conflict, POWS, wounded and civilians in Armed Forces. 
4.Central Human Right Commission : Organisation and Function. 
5.State Human Right Commission : Organisation and Function.    
  • Unit-IV REFUGEE LAW 
1. Meaning, Concept and causes of Refugee. 
2.Refugee and IDPs. 
3.Refugee law in India. 
4.Refugee Problem in South Asia. 
5.Role of International Committee of Red Cross and UNO in Refugee Problems.   
  • Unit-V LAWS OF WAR
1.Law of Land war. 
2.Law of Sea war.
3.Law of Air war. 
4.Space law. 
5.The International Court of Justice.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :DEFENCE STUDIES PAPER - II MODERN WARFARE

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - DEFENCE STUDIES

Paper: PAPER - II MODERN WARFARE

  • UNIT-I
1.Development of Nuclear weapons.
2.Effects of Nuclear Explosion. 
3.Spread of Nuclear Weapons.
4.Missile and their characteristics. 
5.Type of Missiles.
  • UNIT-II
1.Trends in Science and Technology and their impact on war.
2.Role of Research and Development.
3.Development of Weapons and their impat on tactics.
4.Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence (C³I) in Modern Warfar 
5.Elements of National Power.
  • UNIT-III
1. Military Satellites.
2 Explosive Bombs.
3.War Gases.
4.Micro Organs : as a weapons. 
5.Smart Weapons.
  • UNIT-IV
1. Rocket Technology and India. 
2 Missile Technology and India.
3.Nuclear Technology and India.
4.Atomic Minerals and India.
5.Space Technology and India.
  • UNIT-V
1. New word order - Political, Social and Economical.
2. Alliance and Regional co-operation.
3. Mobilisation of resources for war.
4. War time economics. 
5. New trends.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :DEFENCE STUDIES Paper-III PRACTICALS

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - DEFENCE STUDIES

Paper: Paper-III PRACTICALS

The division of marks shall be as follows :

(1) Plain Table Survey : 15 Marks.
(2) Experimental Military Psychology : 15 Marks. 
(3) Group Descussion & Lectring : 05 Marks.
(4) Viva-Voce : 05 Marks
(5) Sessional work & Record : 10 Marks.
  • Section - A
Plain table Survey by inter section methods. (Atleast ten exercises in a session).
  • Section - B
Military - Psychology Experiment : 
(1) Muller-Layer-Illusion test. 
(2) Koh's Block Design Test. 
(3) Allexander Pass Along Test.
  • Section - C
Group Discussion and Lectures based on current topic on any international & national Problems.

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :COMPUTTER SCIENCE PAPER - I  COMPUTER HARDWARE PART-C

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - COMPUTTER SCIENCE

Paper: PAPER - I  COMPUTER HARDWARE PART-C

COMPUTTER SCIENCE PAPER - I  COMPUTER HARDWARE PART-C

  • UNIT-1 : ORGANISATION OF Micro-Processor & MIRCO-COMPUTER :-
1. Introduction & organisation of M icro-Computer : 
(a) Basic Components of Micro-computer : Basic Block; Prom ram memory; Data memory; I/O Ports; Clock generator; Integration of functional blocks. 
(b) Interconnecting Components in a Micro-computer : Necessary functional block; Bussed architecture for microcomputer; memory addressing; Addressing I/O ports; comparision of I/O mapped and memory mapped I/O. 
(c) Input Output Techniques : Non-CPU devices, Program & interrupt controlled I/O; Hardware controlled I/O or DMA

2. An Introduction to the various as :
(a) General understanding of different μ P or CPU : Intel 8088, 286, 386, 486, 586 Pentium, P54C, MMX P55C; Motorola 6800 & 88100 series; CYRIX & AMD CPUs. 
(b) The Registers of CPU : (Give Example of P-8088) Register organisation of 8088, Scrach pad segment, pointer, Index and Flag, Registers. 
(c) Memory addressing modes of P-8088 : Segment offset; Data addressing modes; Addressing for branch instructions. (d) I/O Addressing with P-8088 : Memory mapped I/O & I/O mapped I/O.
  • UNIT-2 : SYSTEM HARDWARE ORGANISATION OF COMPUTERS :
1. Hardware Organisation of the Personal Computer :
(a) Block diagram with various parts of PC. 
(b) The Mother Board of General P.C. : 8088 CPU; ROM & RAM; Keyboard & its interface; System timer/counters; Hardware interrupt vectoring; DMA controller & channels; Interfacing to audio speaker; Bus slots & facture cards. 
(c) The Serial I/O ports, COM-1 & COM-2. 
(d) The parallel Port for Printer. 
(e) Expansion Slots for RAM. 
(f) Disk Controllers : For floppy, Hard disk, CD-ROM & Cassets drives.

2. The Video Display of PCs : 
(a) Video Monitors; Monochrome and colour. 
(b) Video Display Adapters & Their Video Modes; Monochrome & colour graphics adapters.
(c) Video Control Through ANSI-SYS. 
(d) Video Control Through ROM-BOIS : INT 10H. 
(e) Direct Video Control; Monochrom & colour graphics adapters. 
(f) Installing Customized Character Sets.
  • UNIT-3 : ORGANISATION OF OPERTING SYSTEM WITH SYSTEM HARDWARE :
1. The ROM-BIOS Services : 
(a) Introduction to UNIX, ENIX, SUN, solaris, DOS & MAC with special reference to DOS & Windows, its ver., as DOS becomes more popular than others in PCs. 
(b) The ROM-BIOS Diskette Services, INT 13H. 
(c) The ROM-BIOS Serial Port Services, INT 14H. 
(d) The ROM-BIOS Keyboard Services, INT 16H. 
(e) The ROM-BIOS Printer Services, INT 17H. 
(f) Miscellaneous Service Provided by the ROM-BIOS : INT 05H, INT 11H, INT 12H, INT 18H, INT 19H, INT 1AH.

2. The fundamental of Operating System viz. DOS/WINDOWS : 
(a) The loading of DOS & Its Basic Structure ; ROM bootstrap, IO.SYS, DOS.SYS & Command..COM. 
(b) The Execution of the programs under DOS ; EXEC functions, program segment prefix; Features of COM & EXE program files. 
(c) Device Handling by Dos ; FDD, HDD, CON, Keyboard, PRN, AUX, CLOCK and NUL devices; Block devices; Character devices; Driver installation sequence. 
(d) File Structures of DOS ; 
(e) The DOS Interrupts : INT 20H-2FH 
(f) The DOS functions through INT 21H; Discuss only the understanding part of various other DOS function to handle hard & softwares. 
(g) Installation of windows : Important system files in windows.
  • UNIT-4 : ORGANIZATION & HANDLING BY OPERATING SYSTEMS : 
1. Disk and Files under DOS : 
(a) Logical Structure of a Disk : Organisation of disk for use; Boot record ; FAT files; disk or root directory.
(b) File Organisation on a DOS disk : Logical volumes ; Sub directories; Volume lables. 
(c) Manipulating Files under DOS : File attributes ; date and time, file Access; FCB functions

2. Memory Allocation, Program Loading and Execution : 
(a) Memory Management under DOS : EXEC loader; Memory Management & its functions; Modifying a Program's memory allocation. 
(b) Loading and Executing Programs under DOS : The EXEC function ; Memory considerations; parameter blocks; calling & returning from EXEC. 
(c) Loading the program overlays through EXEC.
  • UNIT-5 : ORGANISATION OF HARDWARE BY OPERATING SYSTEM :
1. Interrupt Handling through DOS : 
(a) Types of interrupts. 
(b) Interrupt Vector Table in PC. 
(c) Interrupt Service Routines. 
(d) Special Interrupts in PC : Clock Interrupt; The -C or Break Interrupt ; DOS reserved interupt INT 28H ; Patching memory resident routines. 
2. Filters for DOS : 
(a) Filters in operating systems. 
(b) Redirection of I/O under DOS. 
(c) The Filters Supplied with DOS. 
(d) Writing Filters to run under DOS. 
3. Handling of Various Versions of Windows O.S. :
(a) Setup Installation 
(b) Trouble shooting 
(c) Networking features

B.Sc. 3rd Year PRSU Syllabus :COMPUTTER SCIENCE PAPER - II

B.Sc. 3rd Year

Subject - COMPUTTER SCIENCE

Paper: Paper-II

  • UNIT-1 : CONCEPT OF D.B.M.S. AND DATA MODELS 

(a) Introduction to DBMS :- Purpose of Data base systems, views of data, Data Modeling Database Languages, Transaction management, Storage Management, Database Administrator and User, Database System Structure. 

(b) E-R Model : Basic concepts, Constraints, Keys, Mapping Constaint, E-R Diagram, Weak and Strong Entity sets, E-R Database Schema, Reduction of an E-R Schema to Table.

  • UNIT-2. : RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(a) Relational Model : Structure of Relational Database, Relational Algebra, Domain Relational Calculus, Extended Relational- Algebra Operation, Modification of database, Views. 

(b) Relational Database Design : Pitfalls in Relational Database Desing, Decomposition Functional Dependencies, Normalization : 1NF, 2NF, BCNF, 3NF, 4NF, 5NF.

  • UNIT-3 : INTRODUCTION TO RDBMS SOFTWARE - ORACLE

a) Introduction : Introduction to personal and Enterprises Oracle, Data Types, Commercial Query Language, SQL, SQL*PLUS.

(b) DDL and DML : Creating Table, Specifying Integrity Constraint, Modifying Existing Table, Dropping Table, Inserting Deleting and Updating Rows in as Table, Where Clause, Operators, ORDER BY, GROUP Function, SQL Function, JOIN, Set Operation, SQL Sub Queries. Views : What is Views, Create, Drop and Retrieving data from views.

(c) Security : Management of Roles, Changing Passward, Granting Roles & Privilege, with drawing privileges. 

(d) PL/SQL : Block Structure in PL/SQL, Variable and constants, Running PL/SQL in the SQL*PLUS, Data base Access with PL/SQL, Exception Handling, Record Data type in PL/SQL, Triggers in PL/SQL.

  • UNIT-4 : G.U.I. PROGRAMMING

(a) Introduction to Visual Basic : Event Driven Programming, IDE, Introduction to Object, Controlling Objects, Models and Events, Working with Forms, MDI Form Working with standard Controls. 

(b) Overview of Variables, Declaring, Scope, Arrays, User defined data types, Constants, Working with procedures : Function, Subroutine, and Property. Working with Data, Time, Format, String, and Math's Function. Controlling Program Execution: Comparison and Logical Operators, If...Then statements, Select Case Statement, Looping Structures, Exiting a loop. Error Trapping and Debugging. 

(c) File Organization : Saving data to file, Sequential and Random access file, the desing and coding.

  • UNIT-5 : V DATA BASE PROGRAMMING IN VB

(a) Introduction :- Concept of DAO, RDO, ADO, input validation : field & form level validation, ADO object model : the ADO object Hierarchy, the connection object, the command object, record set object, parameter object, field object, record object, stream object, Error object, parameter object. 

(b) Using Bound control to Present ADO data : Using the ADO data control, ADO data control properties, binding simple controls : Data list, data combo, Data Grid, Data Form Wizard : single form wizard, Grid form, master/Detail form. Programming the ADO data control : Refresh method, Event, Hierarchical flex Grid control. 

(c) Data Environment & Data Report : Creating connection, Using command object in the data Environment, Data Environment option and operation, Binding Form to the data Environment, ADO Events in the Data report, Print Preview, Print, Export, Data report in code : Data reports Events, Binding data reports Directly

बी.एस.सी. प्रथम वर्ष सिलेबस 2023 PRSU (B.Sc.1st Year Syllabus)

अगर आप पंडित रविशंकर शुक्ल विद्यालय का बी.एस.सी. प्रथम वर्ष का सिलेबस जानना चाहते हैं या इसका सिलेबस ढूंढ रहे हैं तो आप बिल्कुल सही पोस्ट में आये हैं।

PRSU Bsc1st Year Syllabus 2023

इस पोस्ट में हम आपको पंडित रविशंकर शुक्ल यूनिवर्सिटी (prsu), का bsc 1st year के सिलेबस दे रहे है।  B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU सिलेबस 2023 के सभी विषय (हिंदी, अंग्रेजी, गणित, बायोलॉजी, रसायन, हिस्ट्री, जियोग्राफी, इकोनॉमिक्स, सोशियोलॉजी, पॉलिटिक्स, माइक्रोबायोलॉजी etc.) के सिलेबस को लिखित और उसका pdf मिलेगा।

In this post, we are giving you the syllabus of Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla University (prsu) bsc 1st year. B.Sc. All subjects (Hindi, English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, History, Geography, Economics, Sociology, Politics, Microbiology etc.) of 1st Year PRSU Syllabus 2023 will get the written syllabus and its pdf.

बी.एस.सी. - प्रथम वर्ष सिलेबस (B.Sc. 1st Year Syllabus - PRSU)

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Hindi

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - हिंदी

  • इकाई- 1

क. पल्लवन, पत्राचारअनुवाद, पारिभाषिक शब्दावली एवं हिंदी में पदनाम

ख. ईदगाह (कहानी) मुंशी प्रेमचंद

  • इकाई-2

क. शब्द शुद्धि वाक्य शुद्धि शब्द ज्ञान-पर्यायवाची शब्द विलोम शब्द, अनेकार्थी शब्दसमश्रुत शब्दअनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द एवं मुहावरे लोकोक्तियाँ

ख. भारत वंदना (कविता)- सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी निराला

  • इकाई-3

क. देवनागरी लिपि नामकरण, स्वरूप एवं देवनागरी लिपि की विशेषताएँ हिंदी अपठित गद्यांश संक्षेपण हिंदी में संक्षिप्तीकरण

ख. भोलाराम का जीव (व्यंग्य) हरिशंकर परसाई

  • इकाई-4

क. कम्प्यूटर का परिचय एवं कम्प्यूटर में हिंदी का अनुप्रयोग

ख. शिकागो से स्वामी विवेकानंद का पत्र

  • इकाई-5

क. मानक हिन्दी भाषा का अर्थ, स्वरूप विशेषताएँ मानक, उपमानक, अमानक भाषा

ख. सामाजिक गतिशीलता प्राचीन काल मध्यकालआधुनिक काल

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :English Language

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - अंग्रेजी

  • UNIT-1 Basic Language skills :

Grammar and Usage. Grammarand Vocabulary based on the prescribed text. To be assessed by objective / multiple Choice tests.

  • UNIT-2 Comprehension of an unseen passage.

This should imply not only is an understanding of the passage in question, but also b) a grasp of general language skills and issues with reference to words and usage within the passage and (c) the Power of short independent, composition based on themes and is raised in the passage.

To be assessed by both objective multiple choice and short answer type tests.

  • UNIT-3

Composition : Paragraph writing

  • UNIT-4

Letter writing (the formal and one Informal) 2 letters to be attempted of 5 marts each. One formal and one informal.

  • UNIT-5 Text

short prose pieces (Fiction and not fiction short poene, the pieces should cover a range of authors, atjects and contexts. With postry if may sometimes be advisable to include peces from earlier periods, which are often stapler than modem samples. In all cases, the language should be accessible (with a minimum of explanation and reference to standard dictionaries) to the general body of students shooled in the medium of an Indian language.

Students should be able to greep the case of each place; aplain specific words, phrases and allusions, and comment on general points of narrative or argument. Formal Principles of Laterary criticis should not be taken up at this stage.

To be used by five short answer of three marks

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Environmental Studies and Human Rights

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Environmental Studies and Human Rights

  • UNIT-I THE MULTI DISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Definition, Scope and Importance

Natural Resources :

Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

(a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people and relevant forest Act.

(b) Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods drought, conflicts over water, dams benefits and problems and relevant Act.

(c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources.

(d) food resources : World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity.

(e) Energy resources : Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources.

(f) Land resources : Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides soil erosion and desertification.

  • UNIT-II ECOSYSTEM

(a) Concept, Structure and Function of and ecosystem

-Producers, consumers and decomposers.

-Energy flow in the ecosystem

-Ecological succession

-Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.

-Introduction, Types, Characteristics Features, Structure and Function of Forest, Grass, Desert and Aquatic Ecosystem.

(b) Biodiversity and its Conservation

-Introduction - Definition : genetic. species and ecosystem diversity

-Bio-geographical classification of India.

-Value of biodiversity : Consumptive use. productive use, social ethics, aesthetic and option values.

-Biodiversity at global, National and local levels.

-India as mega-diversity nation.

-Hot spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity : habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wild life conflict.

-Endangered and endemic species of India.

-Conservation of biodiversity : In situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

  • UNIT- III

(a) Causes, effect and control measures of

Air water, soil, marine, noise, nuclear pollution and Human population.

Solid waste management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes

Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.

Disaster Management : floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

(b) Environmental Management

From Unsustainable to sustainable development.

Urban problems related to energy.

Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management.

Resettlement and rehabilitation of people, its problems and concerns.

Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions.

Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust.

Wasteland reclamation

Environment protection Act : Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation.

Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health.

  • UNIT-IV

General background and historical perspective- Historical development and concept of Human Rights, Meaning and definition of Human Rights, Kind and Classification of Human Rights.

Protection of Human Rights under the UNO Charter, protection of Human Rights under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.

Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against women.

Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER I-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Chemistry

Paper : Paper I INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

  • UNIT-I
A. ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Bohr's theory, its limitation and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom. General idea of de-Broglie matter-waves, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Schrödinger wave equation, significance of Y and 42, radial & angular wave functions and probability distribution curves, quantum numbers, Atomic orbital and shapes of s, p, d orbitals, Aufbau and Pauli exclusion principles, Hund's Multiplicity rule, electronic configuration of the elements.

B. PERIODIC PROPERTIES

Detailed discussion of the following periodic properties of the elements, with reference to s and p-block. Trends in periodic table and applications in predicting and explaining the chemical behavior.
a) Atomic and ionic radii,
b) lonization enthalpy.
c) Electron gain enthalpy,
d) Electronegativity, Pauling's, Mulliken's, Allred Rochow's scales.
e) Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, variation of effective nuclear charge in periodic table.
  • UNIT-II CHEMICAL BONDING I
Ionic bond : lonic Solids Ionic structures, radius ratio & co-ordination number, limitation of radius ratio rule, lattice defects, semiconductors, lattice energy Born- Haber cycle, Solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, polarising power & polarisabilitry of ions, Fajans rule, Ionic character in covalent compounds : Bond moment and dipole moment, Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegatiity difference, Metallic bond-free electron, Valence bond & band theories.
  • UNIT-III CHEMICAL BONDING II
Covalent bond : Lewis structure, Valence bond theory and its limitations, Concept of hybridization. Energetics of hybridization, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes of the following simple molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs of electrons : H₂O, NH₂, PCI,, PCI,, SF. H₂O¹, SF4, CIF, and ICl₂ Molecular orbital theory. Bond order and bond strength, Molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic molecules N₂, O₂, F2, CO, NO.
  • UNIT-IV
A. s-BLOCK ELEMENTS
General concepts on group relationships and gradation properties, Comparative study, salient features of hydrides, solvation & complexation tendencies including their function in biosystems and introduction to alkyl & aryls, Derivatives of alkali and alkaline earth metals

B. p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
General concepts on group relationships and gradation properties. Halides, hydrides, oxides and oxyacids of Boron, Aluminum, Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Boranes, borazines, fullerenes, graphene and silicates, interhalogens and pseudohalogens.
  • UNIT-V
A CHEMISTRY OF NOBLE GASES
Chemical properties of the noble gases, chemistry of xenon, structure, bonding in xenon compounds

B. THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES IN QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (H₂S SCHEME)
Basic principles involved in the analysis of cations and anions and solubility products, common ion effect. Principles involved in separation of cations into groups and choice of group reagents. Interfering anions (fluoride, borate, oxalate and phosphate) and need to remove them after Group II.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER II-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - CHEMISTRY

Paper : Paper II ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

  • UNIT-I BASICS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Hybridization, Shapes of molecules, Influence of hybridization on bond properties. Electronic Displacements : Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications; Dipole moment. Electrophiles and Nucleophiles; Nucleophilicity and basicity : Homolytic and Heterolytic cleavage, Generation, shape and relative stability of Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes. Introduction to types of organic reactions : Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions.
  • UNIT-II INTRODUCTION TO STEREOCHEMISTRY
Optical Isomerism : Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres, Diastereoisomers, meso compounds, Relative and absolute configuration : Fischer, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions; Erythrose and threose, D/L, d/l system of nomenclature, Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system of nomenclature (C.I.P rules), R/S nomenclature. Geometrical isomerism : cis-trans, syn anti and E/Z notations.
  • UNIT-III CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ALKANES
Conformational analysis of alkanes, ethane, butane, cyclohexane and sugars. Relative stability and Energy diagrams. Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory : Theory of strainless rings, Chair, Boat and Twist boat conformation of cyclohexane with energy diagrams; Relative stability of mono-substituted cycloalkanes and disubstituted cyclohexane.
  • UNIT-IV CHEMISTRY OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
A. Carbon-Carbon sigma bonds

Chemistry of alkanes : Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reaction, Free radical reactivity and selectivity.
B. Carbon-Carbon Pi (a) bonds :
Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, Elcb reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations. Reactions of alkenes : Electrophilic additions and mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation). 1,2-and 1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes andDiels-Alder reaction; Allylic and benzylic bromination and mechanism, e.g. propene, 1-butene, toluene, ethyl benzene. Reactions of alkynes : Acidity, Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, Alkylation of terminal alkynes.
  • UNIT-VAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Aromaticity : Hückel's rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/ carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Electrophilic aromatic substitution : halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft's alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directive effects of the groups.

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 2nd Year Syllabus

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 3rd Year Syllabus

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER III-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - CHEMISTRY

Paper : Paper III PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

  • UNIT-I MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS FOR CHEMIST
Basic Mathematical Concepts : Logarithmic relations, curve sketching, linear graphs, Properties of straight line, slope and intercept, Functions, Differentiation of functions, maxima and minima; integrals; ordinary differential equations; vectors and matrices; determinants; Permutation and combination and probability theory, Significant figures and their applications.
  • UNIT-II GASEOUS STATE CHEMISTRY
Kinetic molecular model of a gas : postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision frequency : collision diameter; mean free path; Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most probable) and average kinetic energy. law of equipartition of energy, degrees of freedom and molecular basis of heat capacities. Joule Thompson effect, Liquification of Gases.
Behaviour of real gases : Deviations from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor (Z), and its variation with pressure and temperature for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal behaviour. van der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour, calculation of Boyle temperature. Isotherms of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms, continuity of states, critical state, relation between critical constants and van der Waals constants, law of corresponding states.
  • UNIT-III
A. LIQUID STATE CHEMISTRY

Intermolecular forces, magnitude of intermolecular force, structure of liquids, Properties of liquids, viscosity and surface tension

B. COLLOIDS and SURFACE CHEMISTRY

Classification, Optical, Kinetic and Electrical Properties of colloids, Coagulation, Hardy Schulze law, flocculation value, Protection, Gold number, Emulsion, micelles and types, Gel, Syneresis and thixotrophy, Application of colloids.
Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich). Nature of adsorbed state. Qualitative discussion of BET.
  • UNIT-IV SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices, Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law, a simple account of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method. Crystal defects.
  • UNIT-V
A. CHEMICAL KINETICS

Rate of reaction, Factors influencing rate of reaction, rate law, rate constant, Order and molecularity of reactions, rate determining step, Zero, First and Second order reactions, Rate and Rate Law, methods of determining order of reaction, Chain reactions.
Temperature dependence of reaction rate, Arrhenius theory, Physical significance of Activation energy, collision theory, demerits of collision theory, non mathematical concept of transition state theory.

B. CATALYSIS

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis, types of catalyst, characteristic of catalyst, Enzyme catatysed reactions, Micellar catatysed reactions, Industrial applications of Catalysis.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry PAPER - IV LABOBATORY COURSE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - CHEMISTRY

Paper : Paper IV Labobatory Course Inorganic Chemistry

A. Semi-micro qualitative analysis (using H₂S or other methods) of mixtures - not more than four ionic species (two anions and two cations, excluding interfering, insoluble salts) out of the following : Cations : NH₂, Pb, Bi", Cu", Cd, Fe, Al", Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ba", Sr", Ca", Na Anions : CO₂, S², SO², 8₂0, NO₂, CH₂COO, CT, Br, I. NO, SO₂² (Spot tests may be carried out wherever feasible)

B. Acid-Base Titrations

• Standardization of sodium hydroxide by oxalic acid solution.
• Determination of strength of HCI solution using sodium hydroxide as intermediate.
• Estimation of carbonate and hydroxide present together in mixture. • Estimation of carbonate and bicarbonate present together in a mixture
• Estimation of free alkali present in different soaps/detergents

C. Redox Titrations

• Standardization of KMnO4 by oxalic acid solution.
• Estimation of Fe(II) using standardized KMnO, solution.
• Estimation of oxalic acid and sodium oxalate in a given mixture.
• Estimation of Fe(II) with K-Cr₂O, using internal (diphenylamine, anthranilic acid) and external indicator.

D. Iodo/Iodimetric Titrations

• Estimation of Cu(II) and K-Cr₂O, using sodium thiosulphate solution iodimetrically.
• Estimation of (a) arsenite and (b) antimony iodimetrically.
• Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powder iodometrically.
• Estimation of Copper and Iron in mixture by standard solution of K Cr₂O, using sodium thiosulphate solution as titrants.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Demonstration of laboratory Glasswares and Equipments.

2. Calibration of the thermometer. 80-82° (Naphthalene), 113.5°-114° (Acetanilide), 132.5-133⁰ (Urea), 100" (Distilled Water).)

3. Purification of organic compounds by crystallization using different solvents.

• Phthalic acid from hot water (using fluted filter paper and stemless funnel).
•Acetanilide from boiling water
• Naphthalene from ethanol.
• Benzoic acid from water.

4. Determination of the melting points of organic compounds. Naphthalene 80-82", Benzoic acid 121.5°-122°, Urea 132.5°-133" Succinic acid 184.5⁰ 185°, Cinnamic acid 132.5°-133°, Salicylic acid 157.5°-158°, Acetanilide 113.5°-114", m-Dinitrobenzene 90°, p-Dichlorobenzene 52°, Aspirin 135º.

5. Effect of impurities on the melting point - mixed melting point of two unknown organic compounds. • Urea - Cinnamic acid mixture of various compositions (1 : 4, 1 : 1, 4 : 1).

6. Determination of boiling point of liquid compounds. (boiling point lower than and more than 100 °C by distillation and capillary method).

Ethanol 78", Cyclohexane 81.4", Toluene 110.6", Benzene 80°.

i. Distillation (Demonstration)
• Simple distillation of ethanol-water mixture using water condenser.
• Distillation of nitrobenzene and aniline using air condenser.
ii. Sublimation Camphor, Naphthalene, Phthalic acid and Succinic acid.
iii. Decolorisation and crystallization using charcoal.
• Decolorisation of brown sugar with animal charcoal using gravity filtrations crystallization and decolorisation of impure naphthalene (100 g of naphthalene mixed with 0.3 g of Congo red using 1 g of decolorizing carbon) from ethanol.

7. Qualitative Analysis

Detection of elements (N, S and halogens) and functional groups (Phenolic. Carboxylic, Carbonyl, Esters, Carbohydrates, Amines, Amides, Nitro and Anilide) in simple organic compounds.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Surface tension measurements.

• Determine the surface tension by (i) drop number (ii) drop weight method.
•Surface tension composition curve for a binary liquid mixture.

2. Viscosity measurement using Ostwald's viscometer.

• Determination of viscosity of aqueous solutions of (i) sugar (ii) ethanol at room temperature.
• Study of the variation of viscosity of sucrose solution with the concentration of . solute
• Viscosity Composition curve for a binary liquid mixture.

3. Chemical Kinetics

• To determine the specific rate of hydrolysis of methyl/ethyl acetate catalysed by hydrogen ions at room temperature.
• To study the effect of acid strength on the hydrolysis of an ester.
• To compare the strengths of HCI & H₂SO, by studying the kinetics of hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.

4. Colloids

• To prepare colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles (reduction method) and other metal nanoparticles using capping agents.

Note : Experiments may be added/ deleted subject to availability of time and facilities

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Chemistry Paper-V PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Chemistry

Paper : Paper-V PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

M.M. 50 marks

Three experiments are to be performed

1. Inorganic Mixture Analysis, four radicals two basic & two acid (excluding insoluble. Interfering & combination of acid radicals) OR Two Titrations (Acid-Bases, Redox and lodo/lodimetry) 12 marks

2. Detection of functional group in the given organic compound and determine its MPV/BPt. 8 marks

OR

Crystallization of any one compound as given in the prospectus along with the determination of mixed MPt.

OR

Decolorisation of brown sugar along with sublimation of camphor/ Naphthlene.

3. Any one physical experiment that can be completed in two hours including calculations. 14 marks

4.Viva 10 marks

5. Sessionals 06 marks

In case of Ex-Students two marks will be added to each of the experiments

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Physics Paper-I MECHANICS, OSCILLATIONS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Physics

Paper : Paper-I MECHANICS, OSCILLATIONS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

  • Unit-1
Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical coordinate system, Inertial and non-inertial frames of reference, uniformly rotating frame, Coriolis force and its applications. Motion under a central force, Kepler's laws. Effect of Centrifugal and Coriolis forces due to earth's rotation, Center of mass (C.M.), Lab and C.M. frame of reference, motion of C.M. of system of particles subject to external forces, elastic, and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions, Scattering angle in the laboratory frame of reference, Conservation of linear and angular momentum, Conservation of energy.
  • Unit-2
Rigid body motion, rotational motion, moments of inertia and their products, principal moments & axes, introductory idea of Euler's equations. Potential well and Periodic Oscillations, case of harmonic small oscillations, differential equation and its solution, kinetic and potential energy, examples of simple harmonic oscillations : spring and mass system, simple and compound pendulum, torsional pendulum.
  • Unit-3
Bifilar oscillations, Helmholtz resonator, LC circuit, vibrations of a magnet, oscillations of two masses connected by a spring. Superposition of two simple harmonic motions of the same frequency, Lissajous figures, damped harmonic oscillator, case of different frequencies. Power dissipation, quality factor, examples, driven (forced) harmonic oscillator, transient and steady states, power absorption, resonance.
  • Unit-4
E as an accelerating field, electron gun, case of discharge tube, linear accelerator, E as deflecting field-CRO sensitivity, Transverse B field, 180° deflection, mass spectrograph, curvatures of tracks for energy determination, principle of a cyclotron. Mutually perpendicular E and B fields : velocity selector, its resolution. Parallel E and B fields, positive ray parabolas, discovery of isotopes, elements of mass spectrography, principle of magnetic focusing lens.
  • Unit-5
Elasticity : Strain and stress, elastic limit, Hooke's law, Modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio, Bulk modulus, relation connecting different elastic- constants, twisting couple of a cylinder (solid and hallow), Bending moment, Cantilever, Young modulus by bending of beam.
Viscosity : Poiseulle's equation of liquid flow through a narrow tube, equations of continuity. Euler's equation, Bernoulli's theorem, viscous fluids, streamline and turbulent flow. Poiseulle's law, Coefficient of viscosity, Stoke's law, Surface tension and molecular interpretation of surface tension, Surface energy, Angle of contact, wetting.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Physics Paper-II ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Physics

Paper : Paper-II ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

  • Unit-1
Repeated integrals of a function of more than one variable, definition of a double and triple integral. Gradient of a scalar field and its geometrical interpretation, divergence and curl of a vector field, and their geometrical interpretation, line, surface and volume integrals, flux of a vector field. Gauss's divergence theorem, Green's theorem and Stoke's theorem and their physical significance. Kirchoff's law, Ideal Constant-voltage and Constant-current Sources. Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Superposition theorem, Reciprocity theorem and Maximum Power Transfer theorem.
  • Unit-2
Coulomb's law in vacuum expressed in Vector forms, calculations of E for simple distributions of charges at rest, dipole and quadrupole fields. Work done on a charge in a electrostatic field expressed as a line integral, conservative nature of the electrostatic field.
Relation between Electric potential and Electric field, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field and its energy, flux of the electric field. Gauss's law and its application : E due to (1) an Infinite Line of Charge, (2) a Charged Cylindrical Conductor, (3) an Infinite Sheet of Charge and Two Parallel Charged Sheets, capacitors, electrostatic field energy, force per unit area of the surface of a conductor in an electric field, conducting sphere in a uniform electric field.
  • Unit-3
Dielectric constant, Polar and Non Polar dielectrics, Dielectrics and Gauss's Law, Dielectric Polarization, Electric Polarization vector P, Electric displacement vector D. Relation between three electric vectors, Dielectric susceptibility and permittivity, Polarizability and mechanism of Polarization, Lorentz local field, Clausius Mossotti equation, Debye equation,
Ferroelectric and Paraelectric dielectrics, Steady current, current density J, non-steady currents and continuity equation, rise and decay of current in LR, CR and LCR circuits, decay constants, AC circuits, complex numbers and their applications in solving AC circuit problems, complex impedance and reactance, series and parallel resonance, Q factor, power consumed by an a AC circuit, power factor.
  • Unit-4
Magnetization Current and magnetization vector M, three magnetic vectors and their relationship, Magnetic permeability and susceptibility, Diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances. B.H. Curve, cycle of magnetization and hysteresis, Hysteresis loss.
Biot-Savart's Law and its applications : B due to (1) a Straight Current Carrying Conductor and (2) Current Loop. Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and its Dipole Moment (Analogy with Electric Dipole). Ampere's Circuital law (Integral and Differential Forms).
  • Unit-5
Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, electromotive force, integral and differential forms of Faraday's law Mutual and self inductance, Transformers, energy in a static magnetic field. Maxwell's displacement current, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic field energy density. The wave equation satisfied by E and B, plane electromagnetic waves in vacuum, Poynting's vector.

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 2nd Year Syllabus

देखें PRSU B.Sc. 3rd Year Syllabus

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Human science

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Physics

Paper : Paper III PRACTICALS

Minimum 16 (Eight from each group) Experiments out of the following or similar experiments of equal standard

GROUP-A

1. Study of laws of parallel and perpendicular axes for moment of inertia.
2. Moment of inertia of Fly wheel.
3. Moment of inertia of irregular bodies by inertia table.
4. Study of conservation of momentum in two dimensional oscillations.
5. Study of a compound pendulum.
6. Study of damping of a bar pendulum under various mechanics.
7.Study of oscillations under a bifilar suspension.
8. Study of modulus of rigidity by Maxwell's needle.
9. Determination of Y, k, n by Searl's apparatus.
10. To study the oscillation of a rubber band and hence to draw a potential energy curve from it.
11. Study of oscillation of a mass under different combinations of springs.
12. Study of torsion of wire (static and dynamic method).
13. Poisson's ratio of rubber tube.
14. Study of bending of a cantilever or a beam.
15. Study of flow of liquids through capillaries.
16. Determination of surface tension of a liquid.
17. Study of viscosity of a fluid by different methods.

GROUP-B

1. Use of a vibration magnetometer to study a field.
2. Study of magnetic field B due to a current.
3. Measurement of low resistance by Carey-Foster bridge.
4.Measurement of inductance using impedance at different frequencies.
5.Study of decay of currents in LR and RC circuits.
6.Response curve for LCR circuit and response frequency and quality factor.
7.Study of waveforms using cathode-ray oscilloscope.
8.Characteristics of a choke and Measurement of inductance.
9. Study of Lorentz force.
10. Study of discrete and continuous LC transmission line.
11. Elementary FORTRAN programs, Flowcharts and their interpretation.
12. To find the product of two matrices.
13. Numerical solution of equation of motion.
14. To find the roots of quadratic equation.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :MATHEMATICS PAPER - I ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - MATHEMATICS

Paper : PAPER - I ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY

  • UNIT-I
Elementary operations on matrices, Inverse of a matrix. Linear independence of row and column matrices, Row rank, column rank and rank of a matrix. Equivalence of column and row ranks. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and the characteristic equations of a matrix. Cayley Hamilton theorem and its use in finding inverse of a matrix.
  • UNIT-II
Application of matrices to a system of linear (both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous) equations. Theorems on consistency of a system of linear equations. Relation between the roots and coefficients of general polynomial equations in one variable. Transformation of equations. Descarte's rule of signs. Solutions of cubic equations (Cardons method), Biquadratic equation.
  • UNIT-III
Mappings, Equivalence relations and partitions. Congruence modulo n. Definition of a group with examples and simple properties. Subgroups, generation of groups, cyclic groups, coset decomposition. Lagrange's theorem and its consequences. Fermat's and Euler's theorems. Normal subgroups. Quotient group. Permutation groups. Even and odd permutations. The alternating groups An. Cayley's theorem.
  • UNIT-IV
Homomorphism and Isomorphism of groups. The fundamental theorems of homomorphism. Introduction, properties and examples of rings, Subrings, Integral. domain and fields Characteristic of a ring and Field.
  • UNIT-V TRIGONOMETRY :
De-Moivre's theorem and its applications. Direct and inverse circular and hyperbolic functions. Logarithm of a complex quantity. Expansion of trigonometrical functions. Gregory's series. Summation of series.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Mathematics Paper - II Calculus Differential Calculus

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Mathematics

Paper : PAPER - II CALCULUS DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

  • UNIT-I
definition of the limit of a function. Basic properties of limits. Continuous functions and classification of discontinuties. Differentiability. Successive differentiation. Leibnitz theorem. Maclaurin and Taylor series expansions.
  • UNIT-II
Asymptotes. Curvature. Tests for concavity and convexity. Points of inflexion. Multiple points. Tracing of curves in cartesian and polar coordinates.
  • UNIT-III INTEGRAL CALCULUS :
Integration of transcendental functions. Reduction formulae. Definite integrals. Quadrature. Rectification. Volumes and surfaces of solids of revolution.
  • UNIT-IV ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS :
Degree and order of a differential equation. Equations reducible to the linear form. Exact differential equations. First order higher degree equations solvable for x, y, p. Clairaut's form and singular solutions. Geometrical meaning of a differential equation. Orthogonal trajectories. Linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations.
  • UNIT-V
Linear differential equations of second order. Transformation of the equation by changing the dependent variable/the independent variable. Method of variation of parameters. Ordinary simultaneous differential equations.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Mathematics Paper - III Vector Analysis and Geometry

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Mathematics 

Paper : Paper - III Vector Analysis and Geometry

PAPER - III VECTOR ANALYSIS AND GEOMETRY

VECTOR ANALYSIS :
  • UNIT-I
Scalar and vector product of three vectors. Product of four vectors. Reciprocal Vectors. Vector differentiation. Gradient, divergence and curl.
  • UNIT-II
Vector integration. Theorems of Gauss, Green, Stokes and problems based on these.
  • UNIT-III
General equation of second degree. Tracing of conies. System of conics. Confocal conics. Polar equation of a conic.
  • UNIT-IV
Sphere. Cone. Cylinder.
  • UNIT-V
Central Conicoids. Paraboloids. Plane sections of conicoids. Generating lines. Confocal Conicoids. Reduction of second degree equations.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Computer Science Paper-1 Computer Fundamental

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Computer Science

Paper : Paper-1 Computer Fundamental

  • UNIT-1
Classification and Organization of Computers History of computer, Generation of computer, Calculator vs. Computer, Digital and Analog computers and its evolution Major components of digital computers, Memory addressing capability of CPU. Word length and processing spood of compules, Microprocessors, Single chipMicrocomputer, Large and small compices, Users interface, Hardware, software and firmware, mului programming multi user system, Dumb smart and intelligent terminals, computer network and processing, LAN parallel processing.Flynn's classification of computers, Control flow and data flow computers
  • UNIT-II Central Processing Unit
Parts of CPU- ALU Control Unit, Registers Architecture of Intel 8085 microprocessor, lastructions for Intel 8085 microprocessor, Instruction Word size, Various addressing mode Interrupts Soms special Control signals, fusiniction cycle, fetch and exccute operation, Timing Diagram, instruction flow and dain flow.
  • UNIT-III
Memory Memory hierarchy, Primary and Secondary Memory, Cache memory, Virtual Memory Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD), Destructive and Nondestructive Readout, Program and data Memory, Memory Management Unit (MMU) PCMCIA Cards and Slots
  • UNIT-IV I/0 devices
I/0 devices Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Impact and Non-ImpactPrinters, Plotter, Scanner, other Input/output devices. Scan method of Display- Raster Sem, Vector Scan, Bit Mapped Sea, CRT Controller, I/O Pori Programmable and Non Programmable I/O ports, labuilt I/O ports Parallel and Serial poris, USB, IEEE 1394, AGP, Serial data transfer schcrae Microcontroller, Signal Processor, FO processor, Arithmetic Processor
  • UNIT-V SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
Application and System Software : Introduction, Example, Difference cte, Introduction to Open Source Software such as Unix/Linux (Ubuntu), Libre office etc., Introduction to Machine Langunge, Assembly Language and High Level Language, Programming Techniques, Stack, Subroutine, Debugging of programs, Macro, Program Design, Software development, Flow Chart, Multi programming, Mukiuser, Mulistasking Protection. Operating syston and Utdiy programs Application packages.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Computer Science Paper II Programming in 'C' Language

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - मानवविज्ञान

Paper : Paper II Programming in 'C' Language

  • UNIT-I
Fundamentals of C Programming : Overview of C : History of 'C', Structure of 'C' program. Keywords, Tokens, Data types, Constants, Literals and Variables, Operators and Expressions : Arithmetic operators. Relational operator, Logical operators, Expressions, Operator : operator precedence and associatively, Type G-sting, Console i formatting. Unformatted I/O functions : getch(), getchur, getch().get(), pute, putchar()
  • UNIT-II
Control Constructs : If-else, conditional operators, switch and break, nested conditional branching statements, loops : do while, while, for, Nested loops, break and continue, goto and label, exit function. Functions : Definition, function components : Function arguments, return value, function call statement. function prototype, Types of function, Scope and lifetime of variable, Call by value and call by reference Function using arrays, function with command line argument. User defined function : maths and character functions, Recursive function.
  • UNIT-III
Structure, Union and Eaum Array : Array declaration, One and Two dimensional numeric and character arrays, Multidimensional arrays. String : String declaration, initialization, string manipulation with/without using library function. Structure : Besics, declaring structure and structure varichie, typudie statement, array of structure, array within structure, Nested structure; passing structure to function, function returning structure. Union : basics, declaring union and union variable, Enum : declaring cnum and coum variable
  • UNIT-IV
Pointer : Definition of pointer. Pointer declaration, Using & and operators. Void pointer, Pointer to pointer. Pointer in math expression, Pointer arithmetic, Pointer comparison, Dynamic memory allocation functions malloc, calloc, realloc and free. Pointer vs. Array, Array of pointer, Pointor to array, Pointers to function, Function returning pointer, Passing function as Argument to function, Pointer to structure, Dynamic array of structure through pointer to structure.
  • UNIT-V
File Handling and Miscellaneous Features : File handling : file pointer, File accessing functions. fopen, fclose. fpute, fgete, fprintf, fscanf, fread, fwrite,boof, fflush, rewind, fscek, ferror. File handling through command line argument. Introduction to C preprocessor #include, fidefine, Conditional compilation directives : fif, Helse, felif, fendif, fifndef ctc.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Computer Science Paper III Practical

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Computer Science

Paper : Paper III Practical

Practical

• At least 20 Practical based on Syllabus of Paper-I and Paper-II.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Information Technology Paper-1 Fundamental of It, Computer and Pc Software

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Information Technology

Paper : Paper-1 Fundamental of It, Computer and Pc Software

  • UNIT 1 INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
Concepts of IT and Information System, Application of IT (in Business, Education, Medicine, Science, Governance and Agriculture), Impact of II on society and industry, Legal and Ethical aspect of IT, Security and Threats in IT, M-Commerce, Virtual reality, Latest trend in IT, Future of IT.
  • UNIT-II COMPUTER NETWORK BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
Internet concepts, LAN, MAN, WAN, Topology, Protocol, Transmission mode, communication process, Required elements of Data Communication. Mobile Internet, GPS, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, greentooth, infrared, radio

WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION frequency, microwave.

SOCIAL NETWORKING : Evolution of social network sites (YouTube, Facebook, Linkedin. Twitter), Advantages and Disadvantages of social networking sites.
  • UNIT-III MS-WORD
Introduction, Word Processing (MS-WORD), Advantage of word processing. Introduction and Installation, Editing a file, using paragraph styles. Newspaper style columns, Using macros, Advance word processing. Headers and footers, Finding text, Setting up printer Mail merge and other applications, Mathematical calculator, Table handling.
  • UNIT-IV MS-EXCEL
Introduction to spreadsheet (MS-EXCEL), Definition and advantage of electronie worksheet, Working on spread sheets, Range and related operations, Setting saving and retrieving worksheets, Inserting. Deleting, Coping and Moving of data cells, Inserting and deleting rows and column, Protecting cells, Printing a worksheet, Erasing a worksheet in Graphs creation. Types of graphs, Creating a chart sheet 3D, Columns charts, Moving and changing the size of chart, Printing the chart
  • UNIT-V MS-POWER POINT AND MS-ACCESS MS-POWER POINT
Presenting with Power point Creating presentation, Working with slides, Different types of slides, Setting page layout Selecting background and applying design, Adding graphics to slide, Adding sound and movie, Creating chart and graph, Playing a slide show, Slide transition, Advancing slides, Setting time, Rehearsing timing, Animating slide, Animating objects. Running the show from window MS-ACCESS Creating tables in access, Defining data types, Manipulating records.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Information Technology Paper II Programming in 'C' Languace

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Information Technology

Paper : Paper II Programming in 'C' Languace

  • UNIT-I
Fundamentals of C Programming : Overview of C : History of 'C'. Structure of 'C' program. Keywords, Tokens, Data types, Constants, Literals and Variables. Operators and Expressions Arithmetic operators, Relational operator, Logical operators, Expressions, Operator : operator precedence and associatively. Type casting, Console 1/0 formatting. Unformatted I/O functions : getch(), getchar, getche(), gete(), pute(), putchar().
  • UNIT II
Control Constructs : If-else, conditional operators, switch and break, nested conditional branching statements, loops : do while, while, for, Nested loops, break and continue, goto and label, exit function Functions : Definition, function components : Function arguments, retum value, function call statement, function prototype, Types of function, Scope and lifetime of variable, Call by value and call by reference. Function using arrays, function with command line argument. User defined function : maths and character functions, Recursive function.
  • UNIT-III
Array, Array declaration, One and Two dimensional numeric and character arrays, Multidimensional arrays. String : String declaration, initialization, string manipulation with/without using library function Structure, Union and Enum- Structure : Basics, declaring structure and structure variable, typedef statement, atre of structure, array within structure, Nested structure, passing siructure to function. function returning structure Union : basics, declaring union and union variable, Enum : declaring enum and enum variable.
  • UNIT-IV
Pointer : Definition of pointer, Pointer declaration, Using & and operators Void pointer, Poinier to pointer, Pointer in math expression, Pointer arithmetic, Pointer comperison. Dynamic memory allocation functions- malloc, calloc, realloc and free, Pointer vs. Array, Array of pointer, Pointer to array, Pointers to function, Function returning pointer, Passing function as Argument to function, Pointer to structure, Dynamic array of structure through pointer to structure.
  • UNIT-V
File Handling and Miscellaneous Features : File handling file pointer, File accessing functions fopen, felcse, fpuie, fgcte, fprintf, fscanf, fread, fwrite,roof, hush, rewind, fseck, ferrer. Filu andling through command line argument. Introduction to C preprocessor #include, #define, Conditional compilation directives : if, felse, felif, #endif, #ifndef etc.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Information Technology Paper III Practical

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Information Technology

Paper : Paper III Practical

Practical

• At least 20 Practical based on Syllabus of Paper-I and Paper-II.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Biotechnology Paper - I Biochemistry, Biostastics and Computers

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Biotechnology

Paper : Paper - I Biochemistry, Biostastics and Computers

  • UNIT-I
1. Introduction to Biochemistry : History, Scope and Development.
2. Carbohydrates : Classification, Structure and Function of Mono, Oligo and Polysaccharides.
3. Lipids : Structure, Classification and Function.
  • UNIT-II
1. Amino acids and Proteins : Classification, Structure and Properties of amino acids, Types of Proteins and their Classification and Function.
2. Enzymes : Nomenclature and Classification of enzyme. Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme Kinetics and Factors affecting the enzymes action. Immobilization of enzyme and their application.
  • UNIT -III
1. Hormones : Plant Hormone-Auxin and Gibberellins and Animal Hormone-Pancreas and Thyroid.
2. Carbohydrates. Proteins and Lipid Metabolism Glycolysis. Glycogenesis. Glyconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Krebs cycle. Electron Transport Chain and B oxidation of Fatty acids.
  • UNIT-IV
1. Scope of Biostatistics. Samples and Population concept. Collection of data-sampling techniques, Processing and Presentation of data.
2. Measures of Central Tendency : Mean, Median and Mode and Standard Deviation.
3. Probability Calculation : Definition of probability. Theorem on total and compound probability.
  • UNIT-V
1. Computers - General introduction, Organization of computer, Digital and Analogue Computers and Computer Algorithm.
2. Concept of Hardware and Software, Input and Output Devices.
3. Application of computer in co-ordination of solute concentration, pH and Temperature etc.. of a Fermenter in operation and Internet application.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Biotechnology Paper - II Cell Biology, Genetics and Microbiology

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Biotechnology

Paper : Paper - II Cell Biology, Genetics and Microbiology

  • UNIT-I
1. Concept of life, Cell as a basic unit of living system and Cell theory.
2. Diversity of Cell shape and size.
3. Prokaryotic cell structure : Function and ultra structure of cell (Gram positive and Gram negative Bacteria), Plasma membrane, Flagella, Pilli, Endospore and Capsule.
4. Eukaryotic cell : Plant cell wall and Plasma membrane.
  • UNIT-II
1.Cytoplasm : Structure and Functions of Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosome, Golgi complex, Lysosomes. Nucleus, Mitochondria and Chloroplast.
2. Cytoskeleton : Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filaments.
3. Cell division : Mitosis and Meiosis.
4. Programmed Cell Death.
  • UNIT-III
1. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.
2. Linkage and Crossing over.
3. Chromosome variation in number and structure : Deletion, Duplication, Translocation. Inversion and Aneuploidy, Euploidy (Monoploidy and Polyploidy and its importance).
  • UNIT-IV
1. History, Scope and Development of Microbiology.
2. Basic techniques of Microbial Culture
3. Microbial Growth & Nutrition of Bacteria : Isolation, media sterilization-physical and chemical agents, pure culture-pour plate method, streak plate method and spread plate method. General features and Economic importance of Fungi. Algae and Protozoa etc.
  • UNIT-V
1. Bacterial Reproduction : Conjugation, Transduction and Transformation.
2. Mycoplasma- History, Classification, Structure reproduction & Diseases.
3. Viruses - Basic features, Structure, Classification. Multiplication. Bacteriophages. (Morphology, life cycle, infection and medicinal importance)

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Biotechnology Paper - III Practical

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Biotechnology

Paper : Paper III Practical

List of Practical's AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES MICROBIOLOGY

(1) Laboratory rules, Tools, Equipment and Other requirements in Microbiological laboratory.

(2) Micrometry - Use of ocular & stage Micrometrer.

(3) Counting of bacteria by counting chamber, by plate count.

(4) Preparation of media and cultivation techniques :

(a) Basic liquid media (broth)
(b) Basic Solid media, (agar slants and deep tubes)
(c) Demonstration of selective and differential media
(d) Isolation and enumeration of micro organisms
(e) Isolation from air and Soil

(5)Smears and staining methods :

(a) Preparation of bacterial smear
(b) Gram Negative & Positive staining

(6) Methods of obtaining pure cultures

(a) Streak plate method
(b) Pure plate method
(c) Spread plate method
(d) Broth cultures

(7)Growth & Biochemical techniques

(a) Determination of bacterial growth curve
(b) Amylase production test
(c) Cellulose production test
(d) Estimation of Sugar in given solution
(e) Extraction and separation of lipids
(f) Estimation of proteins.
(h) Mitosis and Meiosis

(8)Biostatistics :

(a) By Manual and by computer.
(b) Problems on mean, mode and median.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Botany Paper-I Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Lichens and Algae

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Botany

Paper : Paper-I Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Lichens and Algae

  • UNIT-I
VIRUSES : General characteristics, types of viruses based on structure and genetic material. Multiplication of viruses (General account), Lytic and Lysogenic cycle. Economic importance. Structure and multiplication of Bacteriophages. General account of Viroids, Virusoids, Prions, and Cyanophages. Mycorrhiza-Types and Significance.
  • UNIT -II
BACTERIA : General characteristics and classification (on the basis of morphology), fine structure of bacterial cell, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, mode of nutrition and reproduction vegetative, asexual and recombination (Conjugation, transformation and transduction), Economic importance. Microbial Biotechnology, Rhizobium, Azatobactor, Anabena.
  • UNIT-III
FUNGI : General account of habit and habitat, structure (range of thallus organization), cell wall composition, nutrition and reproduction in fungi. Heterothallism and Parasexuality. Outlines of classification of fungi. Economic importance of fungi. Life cycles of Saprolegnia, Albugo.. Aspergillus, Peziza, Agaricus, Ustilago, Puccinia, Alternaria and Cercospora. VAM Fungi

  • UNIT-IV
ALGAE : Algae : General characters, range of thallus organization, Gaidukov phenomenon, reproduction, life cycle patterns and economic importance.Classification, Systematic position, occurrence, structure and life cycle of following genera : Nostoc, Gloeocaspsa, Volvox.. Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Chara, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia.

  • UNIT-V
Lichens- General account, types, structure, nutrition, reproduction and economic importance. Mycoplasma : Structure and importance. green Green Algae (BGA) in nitrogen economy of soil and reclamation of Ushar land.Mushroom Biotechnology

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Botany Paper -II (Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany)

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Botany 

Paper : Paper -II (Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany)

  • UNIT -I
BRYOPHYTA : General characteristics, affinities, range of thallus organization, general classification and economic & ecological importance, Systematic position, occurrence, morphology anatomy and reproductive structure in Riccia, Marchantia, Pellia, Anthoceros, Funaria. Vegetative reproduction in Bryophytes, Evolution of sporophytes.
  • UNIT-II
PTERIDOPHYTES : General characteristics, affinities, economic importance and classification, Heterospory and seed habit, stellar system in Pteridophytes, Aposory and apogamy, Telome theory, Azolla as Biofertilizer.
  • UNIT-III
Systematic position, occurrence. Morphology, anatomy and reproductive structure of Psilotum, Lycopodium, selaginella, Equisetum, Marsilea.
  • UNIT-IV
Gymnosperm : General characteristics, affinities, economic importance and classification, Morphology, anatomy and reproduction in Cycas, Pinus and Ephedra.
  • UNIT-V
PALAEOBOTANY : Geological time scale, types of fossils and fossilization, Rhynia, study of some fossil gymnosperms. Lygenopteris

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Botany Paper -III PRACTICAL

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Botany 

Paper : Paper III PRACTICAL

Study of external (Morphorgical) and internal (microscopic/anatomical) features of representative gerera given in the theory.

1. Algae : Gloeocapsa, Scytonema, Gloeotrichia, Volvox, Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Chara, Ectocarpus, Sargassum, Batrachospermum

2. Gram staining

3. Fungi : Albugo, Aspergillus, Peziza, Agaricus, Puccinia, Alternaria and Cercospora

4. Bryophyta : Riccia, MarchantiaPellia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum, Funaria

5. Pteridophyta : Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equsetum, Marsilea.

6. Gymnosperm : Cycas, Pinus, Epherda.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Microbiology Paper-1 : General Microbiology & Basic Technique


B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Microbiology 

Paper : Paper-1 : General Microbiology & Basic Technique

  • UNIT-1
Fundamental, History & Developments Introduction to major groups of microorganisms and fields of Microbiology : Historical development, Contributions of Pioneers (Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Anton Von Leewenhoeck and Alexander Flemming). Beneficial and harmful microbes and its role in daily life.
  • UNIT-2
Basic Microbial Techniques Methods of studying microorganism; Sterilization Techniques (Physical & Chemical Sterilization). Pure culture isolation Technique : Streaking, Waksman serial dilution and plating methods, cultivation, maintenance and preservation of pure cultures. Culture media & conditions for microbial growth. Staining technique : simple staining. Differential (gram staining), negative staining and acid fast staining.
  • UNIT-3
Virology & Bacteriology Diversity of microbial world; Principle and classification of Viruses and Bacteria. Structure, Multiplication and Economic importance of viruses (TMV. Influenza virus & T-Phage). Structure & Functional organization of Bacteria, Cell wall of Gram Positive & Gram Negative bacteria : Economic importance of Bacteria.
  • UNIT-4
Mycology General characteristics and classification of Fungi; Structure and Reproduction of fungi (Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Yeast & Agaricus). Common fungal disease of crops (Late & Early blight of potato, Smut of Rice, Tikka and Red rot of Sugarcane). Structure, reproduction and economic aspect of Lichens.
  • UNIT-5
Phycology & Protozoology General characteristics and classification of Algae and Protozoa : General account & economic importance of Cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Ocillatoria, Nostoc & Anabaena) and Protozoa (Amoeba, Paramoecium, Euglena and plasmodium).

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Microbiology Paper- II : Biochemistry and Physiology

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Microbiology 

Paper : Paper- II : Biochemistry and Physiology

  • UNIT-I : CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEINS
Structure, classification and properties of Carbohydrates - Monosaccharide, Oligosaccharides (Disaccharides) and Polysaccharides. Structure, classification and properties of Protein - Amino acids, peptides and Proteins (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure).
  • UNIT-2LIPIDS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
Structure, classification and properties of Lipids : Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids. Structure and properties of Nucleotides. Structure and forms of DNA; Replication of DNA. Types, Structure and Function of RNA.
  • UNIT-3 : ENZYMES
Structure. Nomenclature, Classification and Properties of Enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme kinetic : Michaelis Menten. Equation & derivation, Enzyme inhibition, Lineweaver-Burk Plot (LB plot). Co-enzymes and their role; Allosteric enzymes and Isoenzyme. Extracellular enzymes and their role.
  • UNIT-4 : MICROBIAL METABOLISM
Bacterial photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis : Glycolysis, TCA cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Anaerobic catabolism of glucose; Fat Biosynthesis,alpha and beta oxidation of fatty acids. Deamination, trasns-amination and Urea cycle.
  • UNIT-5 : GROWTH PHYSIOLOGY & TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Bacterial cell division, Genome replication and Growth Phases, Conditions for growth. Plasma membrane & Transport system, types of transport (Passive and active). Diffusion (simple & facilitated), Concept of Uniport, Antiport and Symport;

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Microbiology Paper- III : PRACTICAL

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Microbiology 

Paper : Paper III PRACTICAL

PRACTICAL

  • Basic information about autoclave, hot air oven, laminar air flow and other laboratory instruments Preparation of solid/liquid culture media.
  • Isolation of single colonies on solid media.
  • Enumeration of bacterial numbers by serial dilution and plating.
  • Simple and differential staining.
  • Measurement of microorganism (micrometry) and camera Lucida drawing of isolated organism. Determination of bacterial growth by optical density measurement.
  • General and specific qualitative test for carbohydrates
  • General and specific qualitative test for amino acids
  • General and specific qualitative test for lipids
  • Estimation of protein
  • Estimation of blood glucose
  • Assay of the activity of amylases
  • Assay of the activity of Phosphates

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Zoology Paper I (Cell Biology and Non-chordata)

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Zoology 

Paper : Paper I (Cell Biology and Non-chordata)

Zoology Paper I (Cell Biology and Non-chordata)

  • Unit : 1
1. The cell (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)
2. Organization of Cell : Extra-nuclear and nuclear Plasma membrane, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, Ribosome and Lysosome).
3. Nucleus, Chromosomes, DNA and RNA
  • Unit : II
1. Cell division (Mitosis and Meiosis).
2. An elementary idea of Cancer cells And Cell transformation.
3. An elementary idea of Immunity : Innate & Acquired Immunity, Lymphoid organs, Cells of Immune System, Antigen, antibody and their interactions
  • Unit : III
General characters and classification of Phylum Protozoa, Porifera, and Coelenterata up to order. 2. Protozoa : Type study - Paramecium, 2. Porifera : Type study - Sycon. 3. Coelenterata : Type study - Obelia
  • Unit : IV
General characters and classification of Phylum Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida and Arthropoda up to order. 2. Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes : Type Study-Fasciola, Ascaris 3. Annelida : Type Study - Pheretima. 4. Arthropoda : Type Study - Palaemone.
  • Unit: V
General characters and classification of Phylum Mollusca and Echinodermata up to order. 2. Mollusca : Type Study - Pila. 3. Echinodermata- Type Study- Asterias (Starfish).

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Zoology Paper II (Chordata and Embryology)

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Zoology 

Paper : Paper II (Chordata and Embryology)

  • Unit : I
1. Classification of Hemichordata
2. Hemichordata- Type study-Balanoglossus
3. Classification of Chordates upto orders..
4. Protochordata-Type study - Amphioxus.
5. A comparative account of Petromyzon and Myxine.
  • Unit-II
1. Fishes-Skin & Scales, migration in fishes, Parental care in fish.
2. Amphibia-Parental care and Neoteny.
3. Reptilia- Poisonous & Non-poisonous Snakes, Poison apparatus, snake venom and Extinct Reptiles
  • Unit- : III
1. Birds Flight Adaptation, Migration, and Perching mechanism, Discuss-Birds are glorified reptiles.
2. Mammals-Comparative account of Prototheria, Metatheria, Eutheria and Affinities.
3. Aquatic Mammals and their adaptations.
  • Unit- : IV
1. Fertilization
2. Gametogenesis,
3. Cleavage Structure of gamete and Typesof eggs
4. Development of Frog up to formation of three germ layers.
5. Parthenogenesis

  • Unit : V

1. Embryonic induction, Differentiation and Regeneration.
2. Development of Chick (a) up to formation of three germ layers, (2) Extra-embryonic membranes.
3. Placenta in mammals.

B.Sc. 1st Year PRSU Syllabus :Zoology Paper III Practical

B.Sc. 1st Year

Subject - Zoology 

Paper : Paper III Practical

The practical work will, in general be based on the syllabus prescribed in theory and the candidates will be required to show knowledge of the following :

• Dissection of Earthworm, Cockroach, Palaemon and Pila
• Minor dissection appendages of Prawn & hastate plate, mouth parts of insects, radulla of Pila. (Alternative methods : By Clay/Thermacol/drawing/Model etc.)
• Adaptive characters of Aquatic, terrestrial, aerial and desert animals. Museum specimen invertebrate Slides-Invertebrates, frog embryology, Chick embryology and cytology.